C H R 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C H R 



ilershrubby : leaves linear, straight, ciliate; branches pubes- 

 cent. Native of the Cape. 



b. Clirysocoma Tomentosa. Undershrubby : leaves and 

 branches tomentose. Leaves linear, straight. 



'.'. Chrysocoma Scabra. Undershrubby : leaves lanceolate- 

 ovate, recurved, tooth-serrate ; peduncles pubescent. Height 

 nine or twelve inches, dividing into many woody branches 

 covered with a brown bark, and these into smaller green 

 ones, on which are very narrow subhirsute alternate leaves; 

 corollas very small, yellow. It flowers in August and Sep- 

 tember, and is a native of the Cape. 

 *Herbaceous. 



10. Chrysocoma Linosyris; German Goldylacks. Leaves 

 linear, smooth; calices lax. Root perennial; stalks two 

 feet and a half high : the upper part of the stalk divides into 

 many slender peduncles, each sustaining a single head of 

 flowers, of a bright yellow, and disposed in the form of an 

 umbel. The plant, when handled, sends forth a fine aroma- 

 tic smell. Native of Germany, Switzerland, France, and 

 Italy. The seeds will ripen in September, in favourable 

 seasons ; but the seedling plants do not flower till the second 

 or third year, and hence the most general method of increas- 

 ing it is by parting the roots. The best time for this, and 

 for removing the plants, is soon after the stalks decay in 

 autumn, that they may have time to strike fresh root before 

 winter. It will increase very fast by the roots in a dry loose 

 oil, and in the open air; but the roots often rot upon strong 

 wet lands in winter. 



11. Chrysocoma Biflora; Two- flowered Goldylocks. Pa- 

 nicled : leaves lanceolate, three-nerved, dotted, naked. Root 

 perennial, creeping, spreading on every side to a considerable 

 distance, sending up many erect stalks, with flat spear-shaped 

 leaves, ending in points : these are rough, and have three 

 longitudinal veins. The upper part of the stalks brancli out 

 and form loose panicles of yellow flowers, which are larger 

 than those of the former sort. Native of Siberia. It pro- 

 pagates too fast by its creeping roots, to be admitted into 

 the flower-garden ; but as they will grow in any soil or situa- 

 tion, a few roots may be planted on the side of extensive 

 rural walks, round the borders of fields, where they will re- 

 quire no care, and their flowers will make a good appearance, 

 and continue long in beauty. 



12. Chrysocoma Villosa. Leaves lanceolate, villose ; cali- 

 ces close. Stem a foot and a half high, upright, round, 

 hoary, branched ; flowers yellow. Native of Siberia, &c. 



13. Chrysocoma Purpurea. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sub- 

 serrate, pubescent ; panicle terminating, corymbed. Found 

 in the Isle of Tanna. 



Chrysogonutn ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order 

 Polygamia Necessaria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: com- 

 mon five-leaved, flat, spreading ; leaflets lanceolate, nearly 

 the length of the flower. Corolla : compound radiate ; co- 

 rollets, hermaphrodite, very many in the disk ; females five 

 in the ray : proper, in the hermaphrodites, funnel-form, five- 

 toothed, erect ; in the females ligulate, oblong, truncate, 

 three-toothed. Stamina; in the hermaphrodites, filamenta 

 five, very small ; antherai cylindrical, tubular. Pistil: in the 

 hermaphrodites ; germen very small ; style setaceous, length 

 of the corollet ; stigma obscure. In the females; germen 

 larger, covered with its proper perianth ; style shorter ; stig- 

 mas two, revolute. Pericarp: none; calix unchanged. 

 Seeds: of the hermaphrodites, none; of the females, solitary, 

 inverse, heart-shaped, depressed-quadrangular, with the sides 

 widish, crowned with a three-toothed scale, gaping inwards, 

 contracted towards the base : each seed lies concealed within 

 iti proper four-leaved glume, the outward scale being ovate, 



VOL. i. <25. 



and wider, the three remaining ones very narrow, closely 

 converging, and gaping when the seed is ripe. Receptacle: 

 chaffy, flat ; chaffs linear, obtuse. ESSENTIAL CHAHACTKR. 

 Calix: five-leaved. Seed: involved in a four-leaved calicle. 



Pappus: one-leafed, three-toothed. Receptacle: chaffy. 



The only species is, 



1. Chrysogonum Yirginianum. Leaves moderately hairy 

 opposite, on longpetioles, resembling common liaum; flower 

 golden-coloured, terminal; seeds obovate, convex without, 

 concave within, having two obscure grooves on them, and 

 of a pale bay colour. Native of Virginia. 



Chrystiphyilum; a genus of the class Pentandria, order 

 Monogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth live- 

 parted, small; leaflets roundish, obtuse, permanent. Corolla: 

 monopetalous, bell-shaped ; border five-cleft ; segments 

 roundish, very much expanded, shorter than the tube. Sta- 

 mina : filamenta five, subulate, placed on the tube, con- 

 verging : antherae roundish, twin, incumbent. Pistil: ger- 

 men roundish ; style very short ; stigma obtuse, subquinque- 

 fid. Pericarp : berry globular, ten-celled, large. Seeds : 

 solitary, bony, compressed, marked with a scar, shining. 

 KSSEXTIAI. CHARACTER. Corolla: bell-shaped, ten-cleft; 

 segments alternate, spreading. Berry: ten-seeded. These 

 trees being natives of the hottest parts of the world, they can- 

 not be preserved in this country without being kept in the 

 warmest stoves : and should always remain in a hot-bed of 

 tanner's bark, otherwise they will make but little progress. 

 They are propagated by seeds, which must be procured from 

 the places of their growth, for they do not produce them in 

 Europe. These seeds must be fresh, otherwise they will not 

 grow ; and if they be sent over in sand, it will preserve them 

 from drying too much : when they arrive, they must be sown 

 as soon as possible, in small pots filled with light fresh earth, 

 and plunged into a good hot-bed of tanner's bark. If the 

 seeds be good, and the bed in a proper temperature of 

 warmth, the plants will appear in five or six weeks, and in 

 two months after will be strong enough to transplant ; in 

 doing which, the plants with all the earth should be shaken 

 out of the pots very carefully, and separated with their roots 

 ntire, and each replanted into a small pot filled with light 

 Vesh earth, and plunged again into a hot-bed of tanner's 

 >ark, watering and shading them until they have taken fresh 

 root. The chief care they require is, to keep them in a pro- 

 >er degree of heat, and never to put them into too large 

 )ots, In winter they should be watered twice a week, in 



small quantities. The species are, 



1. Chrysophyllum Cainito ; Broad-leaved Star Apple. 

 Leaves ovate, striated in parallel lines, tomentose, and shining 

 underneath. Leaves alternate, petioled, quite entire; pedun- 

 cles lateral, one-flowered, numerous, very short. Brown has 

 two species of Chrysophyllum, which he calls, 1. Star Ap- 

 >le Tree, and 2. Damson Plum. Both have the leaves ferru- 

 inous underneath. The fruit of the first is larger and glo- 

 jular ; of the second smaller and smooth. The last, he says, 

 s found wild in many parts of Jamaica, but seldom grows to 

 any considerable size : the first is cultivated all over the 

 country, and thrives with very little care; it rises commonly 

 ;o a very considerable size, and spreads much ; but its 

 branches, like those of the other sort, are very slender and 

 lexile, and hang down when charged with fruit. This is full 

 of milk, and the fruit retains it even in the most perfect state ; 

 jut though this juice be rough and astringent in the bark, 

 and even in the unripe fruit, yet when the fruit is in full per- 

 fection it becomes sweet and gelatinous, with an agreeable 

 lamminess, and is very much esteemed. The juice of this 

 ruit, a little before it is perfectly ripe, when mixed with o 

 4 G 



