298 



C H R 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C I C 



small quantity of orange juice, will occasion extreme costive- 

 ness, ami would undoubtedly prove a very powerful remedy in 

 some disorders. Perhaps the action of the fire might take off 

 much of the native roughness of the juice, if it were to be 

 inspissated by that means. The Americans are fond of this 

 fruit, but it is rarely eaten by the Europeans. Native of 

 Martinico and Domingo. This, as well as the rest of the 

 plants in this genus, is preserved in several curious gardens 

 for the beauty of the leaves, for which this species is very 

 remarkable; the under sides of its leaves shining like satin; 

 the upper sides are of a deep green. They continue all the 

 year, and make a very pretty appearance in the stove. 



2. Chrysophyllum Argenteum ; Narrow-leaved Star Apple. 

 Leaves sickle-ovate, shining, and tomentose underneath. 

 The leaves are green, and smooth on the upper surface, with- 

 out the parallel lines which mark the foregoing species ; un- 

 derneath they are of a silvery-shining green. The fruit is 

 roundish, of a dirty blue purple colour, the size of a middling 

 plum, and eatable ; the pulp is soft, blueish, and slightly 

 milky, tasting like the others. -Native of Martinico. 



y. Chrysophyllum Glabrurn ; Smooth-leaved Star Apple. 

 Leaves quite smooth on both sides. This tree grows fifteen 

 feet in height, erect, and branching ; leaves alternate, petioled, 

 quite entire, a little coriaceous ; fruit blue, the form and size 

 of a small olive, with a sweetish vinous flavour ; but seldom 

 eaten, except by slaves and children. Native of Martinico. 



4. Chrysophyllum Monopyrenum. Leaves elliptic, acumi- 

 nate, golden-tomentose beneath; fruit ovate, one-seeded. 

 Native of the West Indies. 



5. Chrysophyllum Microcarpum. Leaves ovate, smooth, 

 pubescent beneath; berries oblique, oblong, one-seeded. 

 Fruit very sweet. Native of Hispaniola. 



6. Chrysophyllum Rugosum. Leaves oblong, acuminate, 

 smooth on both sides ; fruit acuminate, wrinkled. Native of 

 mountain-woods in Jamaica. 



Clirysospleiiium ; a geruts of the class Decandria, order 

 Digynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth four or 

 five-parted, spreading, coloured, permanent ; divisions ovate 

 the opposite ones narrower. Corolla: none, unless the co- 

 loured calix be called so. Stamina: filamenta eight or ten, 

 subulate, erect, very short, placed in an angular receptacle ; 

 antherae simple. Pistil : germen inferior, ending in two 

 subulate styles, the length of the stamina ; stigma obtuse. 

 Pericarp; capsule two-beaked, two-parted, one-celled, two- 

 valved, surrounded with the green calix. Seeds : very 

 many, very small. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: four 

 or live cleft, coloured. Corolla: none. Capsule: two- 

 feeaked, one-celled, many-seeded. If any curious person 

 feel disposed to cultivate the plants of this genus in a garden, 

 they must be planted in very moist shady places, otherwise 

 they will not thrive. They succeed best in pots filled with 

 bog earth, set in a pan of water, and placed under the shel- 

 ter of a wall or hedge. The species are, 



1. Chrysosplenium Alternifolium ; Alternate-leaved Golden 

 Saxifrage. Leaves alternate. The root has offsets, but no 

 creeping suckers ; leaves all deeply notched ; root-leaves two 

 or three, kidney-shaped, bluntly notched, on long hairy pe- 

 tioles ; stem-leaves alternate, one of them solitary, about the 

 middle of the stem, the rest clustered, partly about the root, 

 and partly near the flowers ; flowers gold-coloured, in a ter- 

 minating dichotomous leafy corymb. Stem three-cornered, 

 with imperfect angles, hairy below, smooth upwards, near 

 the top forked, the forks bare of leaves. It is found in 

 moist shady places, and by the sides of rivulets, in Lapland, 

 Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Carniola, Italy, 

 Siberia, Japan, and in Great Britain, though less commonly, 



as near Bingley, and about Esholt,eight miles from Leeds ij 

 Yorshire ; Porland Heath, near Norwich ; in Worcester- 

 shire, and in Scotland. A black boggy soil, by rills in wet 

 woods, is the favourite situation of this plant. 



2. Chrysosplenium Oppositifolium ; Opposite-leaved Golden 

 Saxifrage. Leaves opposite. Stems creeping at bottom, 

 square, very tender, about four inches in height, beset with 

 a few stiffish white hairs, branched and forked at top ; leaves 

 petioled, somewhat fleshy, yellowish green, whitish under- 

 neath ; flowers yellow, in a sessile fastigiate corymb ; seg- 

 ments of the calix nearly equal; seeds of an orange colour. 

 This is found in the same soil and situation as the other, in 

 Denmark, Holland, Switzerland, and Germany. It is more 

 common in England than the first species, and may be found 

 on Hampstead Heath ; in the boggy part of Charlt on Wood; 

 Polingland Heath, near Norwich ; and at Selborne in Hamp- 

 shire : it flowers in April, or early in May, and ripens seed 

 soon after. Perennial. 



Cicca ; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Tetrandrta. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male Flowers, scattered. Calii : pe- 

 rianth four-leaved ; leaflets roundish, concave. CorviUi : 

 none. Stamina : filamenta four, setaceous ; antherae sub- 

 globular, the length of the calix. Female Flowers, scattered 

 on the same plant. Calix : as in the males. Corolla .- none. 

 Pistil . germen roundish ; styles four, two-parted, subulate-, 

 the length of the germen ; stigmas acute, permanent. Peri- 

 carp : capsule subglobular, tetracoccous, clastic. .SY/s .- 

 solitary. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix: four-leaved. 

 Female. Calix: three-leaved. Styles: four. Capsule: tetra- 

 coccous. The species are, 



1 . Cicca Disticha. Male and female flowers in separate 

 racemes on the naked part of the branches. A tree with long 

 simple branches ; leaves alternate, petioled, distich, ovate, 

 acuminate, glossy. Native of the East Indies. 



2. Cicca Nodiflora. Flowers aggregate, axillary. A shrub; 

 leaves on short petioles, egg-shaped, acute, smooth, entire ; 

 flowers very small ; fruit a globular berry. Native of Java. 



Cicely. See Clueropliyllum. 



Cicer ; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five-parted, length 

 of the corolla; segments four, incumbent on the banner, 

 the two middle converging longitudinally, the lower under-, 

 neath the keel. Corolla: papilionaceous; banner flat, round- 

 ish, larger, bent in on the sides; wings obtuse, half the length 

 of the banner ; keel shorter than the wings, sharpish. Stamina : 

 filamenta ten, diadelphous, rising; antherae simple. Pistil: 

 germen ovate; style simple, rising; stigma obtuse. Peri- 

 carp : legume rhomboid, turgid, inflated. Seeds : two,, 

 roundish, gibbous, with knots on the sides, crooked, and 

 bent in at top. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Culii : five-parted, 

 length of the corolla ; the four upper segments incumbent 



on the banner. Legume : rhombed, turgid, two-seeded. 



The only species at present known is, 



1. Cicer Arietinum ; Chickpea. Annual ; stem from a 

 foot to eighteen inches in height, erect, leafy, branched ; 

 corolla purple or white; calix hirsute. Native of the south 

 of Europe, the Levant, and Africa, where it is frequently 

 eaten both raw and boiled. Gerarde says it is sown in our 

 London gardens, but not commonly, and is in English named 

 rnmtnnn cicli, orciches, red cich or sherp't rich, orpeamm. 1'ar- 

 kinson adds the names of cicers and rammi-it i-icln-x. Hill 

 informs us that the seeds are eaten, and are found to bi 1 genlle 

 diuretics. They are sometimes used as a substitute for > 

 when roasted. The seeds may be sown in the sprint;, in the 

 same manner as peas, making drills with an hoe about an 

 inch and a half deep, in which the seeds should be sow n at 



