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C I N 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL -, 



C I N 



8. Cinchona Brachycarpa. Panicle terminating; capsules 

 obovate, ribbed; leaves elliptic, obtuse. Native of Jamaica. 



9. Cinchona Angustifolia. Panicle terminating ; capsules 

 oblong, five-cornered ; leaves linear-lanceolote, pubescent. 

 This is a small tree, from ten to fifteen feet in height, with an 

 upright smooth trunk, covered with a wrinkled ash-coloured 

 bark, which becomes brown and striated near the root ; co- 

 rolla white and odorous ; tube an inch long; segments of the 

 border the length of the tube. Native of Hispaniola. 



10. Cinchona Parvifolia. Leaves egg-shaped, obtuse, 

 smooth; flowers panicled, twice-trichotomous, villose; co- 

 rolla very small. Branches smooth, upright, cylindrical ; 

 stamina not projecting ; flowers white. Native of Jamaica. 



Cineraria ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia Superflua. GENERIC CHARACTER. Colic: common 

 simple, many-leaved; leaflets equal. Corolla: compound, ra- 

 diated ; corollets hermaphrodite, equal, numerous in the disk ; 

 female ligulate, the same number with the leaves of the calix, 

 in the ray ; proper of the hermaphrodite funnel-shaped, with 

 an erect five-cleft border ; female ligulate, lanceolate, tooth- 

 letted at top. Stamina : in the hermaphrodite, filamenta five, 

 filiform, short ; antherae cylindric, tubulous, five-cleft at top. 

 Pistil: in the hermaphrodite, germen, oblong; style filiform, 

 the length of the stamina ; stigmas two, almost erect. Fe- 

 males : germen oblong ; style filiform, short ; stigmas two, 

 oblong, bluntish, revolute. Pericarp: none; calix unchanged. 

 Seeds : solitary, linear, quadrangular ; pappus hairy, copious. 

 Receptacle: naked, flattish. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 simple, many-leaved, equal. Pappus : simple. Receptacle : 

 naked. The leaves are commonly entire, but sometimes 

 pinnntifid; most of the species are tomentose. Every species 

 may be propagated by cuttings, planted in a shady border 

 during the summer months, and duly watered : in a month 

 or five weeks they will put out roots 5 soon after which it 

 will be necessary to transplant them into pots, as their roots 

 are very apt to spread in the full ground. They are gene- 

 rally natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and therefore too 

 tender to bear the open air of our climate in winter ; yet, if 

 too tenderly nursed, they are liable to be drawn up weak : 

 therefore the surest way to preserve them, is to make young 

 plants annually from cuttings, and to place them in a common 

 hot-bed frame in winter, where they may enjoy the full air 

 in mild weather, but be screened from the frost : in summer 

 they should be placed abroad with the hardier sorts of exotic 

 plants. The species are, 



1. Cineraria Geifolia ; Kidney-leaved Cineraria. Pedun- 

 'cles branching; leaves kidney-shaped, suborbiculate, sub- 



lobed, toothed, petioled. Stalks herbaceous, round, striated, 

 with white hairs scattered over them ; leaves alternate, 

 smoothish above, subhirsute beneath, especially the more 

 tender ones, two inches long ; corolla yellow, shaped like 

 that of common ragwort. Native of the Cape. 



2. Cineraria Cymbalarifolia. Leaves lyrate, the end leaf 

 kidney-shaped, toothletted ; upper stem leaves clasping, 

 lobed, quite entire. Root a solid bulb ; stem herbaceous, 

 simple, even ; flowers peduncled, terminating, many ; ray 

 of the corolla purple. Native of the Cape. 



3. Cineraria Sibirica ; Siberian Cineraria. Raceme sim- 

 ple ; leaves cordate, obtuse, toothletted, even ; stem entirely 



imple, one-leafed. Root perennial ; stem undivided, the 

 height of a man ; stem-leaves with petioles, dilated at the 

 base, and clasping. Native of Siberia, the Levant, &c. 



4. Cineraria Glauca. Raceme simple ; leaves spatnlatc- 

 cordate, quite entire ; stem quite simple. The leaves are of 

 a glaucous hue, rather fleshy ; the petioles arc edged in a 

 spatulate form. Perennial ; and a native of Siberia. 



5. Cineraria Sonchifolia. Leaves stem-clasping, sinuate, 

 difform ; flowers large and puqile. Native of the Cape. 



6. Cineraria Cordifolia ; Heart-leaved Cineraria. Panicle 

 few-flowered; stem-leaves petioled, cordate, sharply serrate, 

 smooth; stem angular. Root perennial, fibrose, brown ; 

 stem from one to two feet high, straight, obscurely angular, 

 a little striated at top, fistulose, simple, almost smooth and 

 green ; corollas yellow ; florets of the ray about twenty ; 

 pappus toothletted when viewed with a magnifier. Native 

 of Austria and Switzerland. 



7- Cineraria Crispa; Curled Cineraria. Flowers panicled ; 

 stem-leaves spatulate-oblong, serrate,obtuse,clasping,dilated 

 and toothed at the base. Two feet high. Native of Austria. 



8. Cineraria Integr'ifolia ; Mountain Cineraria, or Flea- 

 wort. Leaves oblong, obscurely toothed, (or almost entire) 

 shaggy ; flowers in a simple involucred umbel, sometimes 

 single. According to Linneus, this plant is extremely vari- 

 able. The several varieties of it may be found on the Alps 

 and Pyrenees, in Switzerland, Austria, about Montpellier, in 

 Siberia, &c. The plant, which grows iu high pastures or 

 open chalky downs in some partsof England, as on Gogma- 

 gog hills, Bartlow hills, and Newmarket heath, and near 

 Basingstoke and Andover, has the radical leaves numerous, 

 spreading on the ground, ovate, obovate, or spatulate ; stem 

 three, and sometimes six and nine inches high, upright, 

 woolly, angular, or furrowed ; flowers yellow ; peduncles un- 

 equal ; calix furrowed, with scariose edges ; seeds hirsute . 

 It is a perennial, and flowers in May and June. 



9. Cineraria Longifolia. Leaves obscurely toothletted, 

 all oblong. Native of Austria. 



10. Cineraria Palustris ; Marsh Cineraria. Flowers co- 

 rymbed ; leaves broad-lanceolate, tooth-sinuated ; stem vil- 

 lose. Leaves thick, tomentose, and almost clammy, cover- 

 ing the stem quite up to the flowers, the lower cut, and 

 scarcely semipinnatifid ; root perennial, large, fibrose, run- 

 ning deep in muddy ditches. Meyrick, Hill, and Culpeper, 

 all agree in calling this plant flea-wort ; while Mr. Miller, and 

 others, whose botanical authority is at least more respectable, 

 give it to the eighth species, to which the reader is referred. 

 They say that a mucilage made of the seeds, is useful to cool 

 the throat in fevers ; that the juice of the leaves is esteemed 

 a good remedy for disorders of the breasts, but that it. 

 is very unpalatable, and not absolutely to be depended upon. 

 This plant frequents marshes, in many parts of Europe. 

 It is found in Lincolnshire, about Marsh and Chatteris in 

 the Isle of Ely ; near Norwich, Yarmouth, and Hadiscoe in 

 Norfolk; about Pillin Moss in Lancashire ; and Aberavon 

 in Merionethshire. There are several varieties of this specie*. 

 but none worth enumerating. 



11. Cineraria Aurea. Flowers corymbed ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, serrate, tomentose underneath. Stem villose ; flowers 

 yellow, with a large ray. Perennial ; and a native of Siberia. 



12. Cineraria Maritima; tea Cineraria. Flowers panicled : 

 leaves pinnatifid; tomentose; divisionssinuated ; stem shrub- 

 by. Stems many, woody, two or three feet high, divided in 

 many branches, which have a white downy bark; leaves very 

 woolly, six or eight inches long, deeply sinuated and jagged 

 on their border. The stems which support the flowers are a 

 foot or more in length, having two or three small leaves on 

 each, shaped like those below, and terminated by many 

 yellow flowers, growing in panicles,orrathercorymbs, shaped 

 like those of common Ragwort : they appear from June till 

 August, and ripen seed in the beginning of October. Hay 



this plant is very common every where on the coast ot 

 the Mediterranean, but that it cannot be found in England, 

 nor any of the northern countries of Europe: yet Mr. Miller 



