UOfi 



C 1 R 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



CIS 



35. Cineraria Cruenta; Purple-leaved Cineraria. Flowers 

 cymed ; leaves cordate, angular, purple underneath ; petioles 

 eared at the base. Root perennial ; stem two or three feet 

 high; flowers purple. Native of the Canary islands. 



36. Cineraria Lobata; Lobed Cineraria. Flower subco- 

 rynibed ; leaves roundish, many-lobed, smooth : petioles 

 eared at the base ; Calices subcalicled. This resembles a 

 Senecio. Found by Masson at the Cape. 



37. Cineraria Sinensis. Panicled, diffused : leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, serrute-repand, smooth. Stem suffruticose, erect, 

 round, smooth, four feet high, branched ; leaves alternate ; 

 flowers yellow, terminating. Native of China, near Canton. 



38. Cineraria Minuta. Leaves pinnatifid ; stem one- 

 flowered, capillary. Root annual ; stems often two, capillary, 

 two inches high, at first woolly, but afterwards almost 

 smooth, one-flowered ; leaves alternate, sessile, violet-colour- 

 ed underneath ; flowers terminating, solitary ; corolla yellow ; 

 corollets in the ray ten, trifid at the end ; seeds ovate, ob- 

 long, very small, with a sessile plumose pappus. It flowers 

 in May ; and is a native of Spain near Aranjuez. 



39. Cineraria Glabra. Flowers corymbed ; calices cylin- 

 dric; leaves oblong, acute, somewhat toothletted, nerveless, 

 smooth on both sides, and a little succulent; stem shrubby. 

 Native of Jamaica. 



40. Cineraria Discolor. Flowers corymbed ; leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat toothletted, smooth; 

 beneath white tomentose ; stem shrubby. Root perennial 

 Native of Jamaica. 



Cinna i a genus of the class Monandria, order Digynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : glume one-flowered, two- 

 valved, compressed, linear, keeled, acuminate ; one valve 

 shorter, mucronated. Corolla: glume bivalve, compressed, 

 linear; outer valve within the smaller valve of the calix, 

 longer, with somewhat of an awn below the tip ; inner slen- 

 der, shorter. Stamina: lilamenta one, capillary ; anther ob- 

 long, forked at each end. Pistil, -. germen turbinated; styles 

 two, capillary very short ; stigmas longer, piumose. Peri- 

 carp : none; glume involving. Seed: one, cylindric. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calic: glume two-valve, one-flowered. 

 Corolla : glume two-valve. Seed .- one. The only known 

 species is, 



1. Cinna Arundinacea. A grass the size of Oats ; root per- 

 ennial; culms many ; leaves broadish, smooth, many-nerved, 

 rugged about the edge ; panicle glaucous, oblong, attenuated, 

 somewhat compressed, composed of imbricate racemes ; keel 

 of the calix rough, one of the valves having an awn -like point; 

 anther purple ; styles hirsute. Native of Canada, whence 

 the seeds were sent by Kalm. See Agrostis Cinna. 



Cinnamon, Ciitnamomum. See Lauras. 



Cinquej'oil. See Potentilla. 



Cinquefoil, Bastard. See S'Maldia. 



Cinqucfuil, Mursh. See Comarum. 



Circtea ; a genus of the class Diandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth two-leaved ; 

 leaflets ovate, concave, deflected, deciduous. Corolla : petals 

 two, obcordate, generally shorter than the calix, spreading, 

 equal. Stamina: filamenta two, capillary, erect, the length 

 of the calix ; anthers roundish. Pistil : germen turbinate. 

 inferior ; style filiform, the length of the stamina ; stigma ob- 

 tuse, emarginate. Pericarp : capsule turbinate-ovate, his- 

 pid, two-celled, two-valved, opening from the base towards 

 the top. Steds : solitary, oblong, narrower at bottom. ES- 

 SENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: two-petolled. Calix : two- 

 leaved, superior. Seed : one, two-celled. These plants 

 multiply exceedingly by their creeping roots, and are there- 

 fore seldom kept in gardens. If the roots be planted in any 



shady moist part of a garden, they will increase fast enough 



without any care. The species are, 



1. Cirraea Lutetiana; Common Enchanter's Nightshade. 

 Stem erect ; racemes many ; leaves ovate. Root perennial, 

 creeping, toothed ; the whole plant pubescent; stems from 

 twelve to eighteen inches and more in height, erect, round, 

 villose or smooth, seldom hairy ; the joints swelled, and some- 

 times purplish, branching : leaves opposite, dark green.flo wers 

 in simple racemes on the top of the branches, both termi- 

 nating and lateral; frequently solitary; sometimes more than 

 forty flowers in a raceme ; corolla small, whitish, reddish- 

 white, or flesh-coloured ; petals the length of the calix, and 

 alternate with its leaflets. It is not uncommon in shady lanes 

 and orchards, under moist hedges and walls, and in woods, 

 flowering in July and August. It frequently infests gardens, 

 and is not easily destroyed, the roots being creeping : sheep 

 are said to eat it : and although it has not been admitted into 

 the dispensatories, yet it is esteemed very detersive, and is 

 recommended by Chomel against the piles, applied outwardly 

 as a cataplasm, and inwardly as an infusion. The seeds of 

 this plant stick by their little hooks to any thing that pa- 

 and Boerhaave informs us, that this peculiarity gave occasion 

 to the name ; the fruit laying hold on the clothes of passen- 

 gers, and drawing them to it, as Circe was fabled to attack 

 by her enchantments. 



2. Circaea Alpina ; Mounting Enchanter's Nightshade. 

 Stem ascending ; leaves heart-shaped, shining ; calix mem- 

 branaceous ; root creeping. The whole plant less pubescent 

 than the proceeding species. Stems low, diffused at the base, 

 with red joints ; leaves tender, petioled, tooth-serrated, of a 

 pleasant yellowish green colour ; flowers of a vivid red colour. 

 It is found in rocky woods, in Lapland, Sweden, Carniola, 

 Piedmont, Silesia, and Denmark. It was gathered, in the 

 month of August, upon Mount Scheidegg in Switzerland; 

 and Mr. Miller found it growing wild in the wood near the 

 Hague. In Great Britain it is found near Leeds and Halifax 

 in Yorkshire ; by the river side at Matlock in Derbyshire ; in 

 Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Scotland 



Cissampelos ; a genus of the class DioBcia, order Mon- 

 adelphia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix: none, 

 unless the corolla be so called. Corolla: petals four, ovate 

 flat, expanded ; nectary, the membranaceous disk of the 

 flower, wheel-shaped. Stamina: filamenta four, very small, 

 coalescent ; anthers broad, flat. Female. Calix : none, 

 except the bracte. Corolla : none ; nectary, the membrana- 

 ceous lateral edge of the germen, dilated outwards. Pistil: 

 germen roundish; styles three; stigmas three, erect, acute. 

 Pericarp: berry globular, one-celled. Seed: solitary, wrin- 

 kled, somewhat compressed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Male. Calix : four-leaved. Corolla: none. Nectar;/-, wheel- 

 shaped. Stamina : four, with connate filamenta. Female. 

 Call i : one-leafed, Initiate, roundish. Corolla: none. .V, 

 three. Ui-rry : one-seeded. These plants are propagated by 

 seeds, which should be sown upon a hot-bed in the spring, 

 and the plants must afterwards be treated in the same -av 

 as other tender exotics, keeping them constantly in the bark- 

 stove, otherwise they will not live in this country. The 



.species are, 



1. Cissampelos Pareira. Leaves peltate, cordate, emar- 

 ginate, and entire Stein climbing and twining, from ten to 

 lil'teen feet in height, lax, round, striated, smooth, or hirsute; 

 flowers numerous, dusky yellow, minute. The fruit is a round- 

 ish, coin pressed, scarlet drupe, containing a single nutor\ery 

 hard seed, compressed, triply echinate, wrinkled at the edge, , 

 two-celled. In mountainous coppices it is smooth, with cor- 

 date entire leaves, hoary underneath ; in champaign calcare 



