C L E 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C L E 



323 



the stamina. The flowers come out in June, anil the seeds 

 ripen in September. Native of France, Switzerland, Silesia, 

 Austria, Carniola, Hungary, and Tartary. This, like some 

 of the other species of this genus, is extremely acrid, on 

 which account it was called flammula by the old botanists, 

 and has obtained a place in the Edinburgh dispensatory. 

 It is recommended by Baron Stoerck in inveterate syphilitic 

 diseases, in ulcers, cancers, and severe head-aches : it acts 

 as a diuretic or diaphoretic, and rests its character wholly 

 upon Baron Stoerck's authority : he used an extract of the 

 leaves ; but he chiefly recommends an infusion of them fresh, 

 two or three drachms to a pint of boiling water, four ounces to 

 be taken three times a day, whilst the powdered leaves are 

 applied as an escharotic to the ulcers. It may also be em- 

 ployed to raise blisters, where cantharides cannot be obtained. 

 This, and the next sort, have perennial roots, which multiply 

 pretty fast, but their stalks die down every autumn, and new 

 ones arise in the spring : they are propagated either by seeds 

 or by parting their roots, but the latter is generally preferred. 

 The best season for parting these roots is in October or Fe- 

 bruary, either just before their branches decay, or before they 

 rise again in the spring ; they will grow almost in any soil or 

 situation ; but if the soil be very dry, they should always be 

 new planted in the autumn, otherwise their flowers will not 

 be so strong; but if the soil be wet, it is better to defer it 

 until the spring : the roots may be cut through their crowns 

 with a sharp knife, observing to preserve to every offset some 

 good buds or eyes, and then it matters not how small you 

 divide them, for their roots increase very fast ; but if they 

 be parted very small, it will be three or four years before 

 they will be fit to be again removed, for their flowers cannot 

 become strong, and their roots multiplied in eyes, in less 

 time. These plants are extremely hardy, enduring the cold of 

 our severest winters in the open air. They are very proper 

 ornaments for large gardens, either to be planted in extensive 

 borders, or intermixed with other hardy flowers in the quar- 

 l ters of flowering shrubs, where, by being placed promiscu- 

 i ously in little open places, they fill up small vacancies agree- 

 \ ably enough. They begin to flower about the beginning of 

 June, and often continue to produce fresh flowers untilAugust. 



15. Clematis Integrifolia ; Entire-leaved Virgins Bower, 

 or Hungarian Climber. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate ; 

 flowers drooping. Perennial. Stems several, annual, a foot 

 and a half high or more, striated, erect, a little fistulous, some- 



Iwhat pubescent at top, terminated by a nodding flower, and 

 sometimes branched in the upper axils ; peduncles erect, 

 pubescent,sustaining one elegant scentless flower; petals large, 

 lanceolate, blue, nerved, acute, waved, thick, spreading very 

 much ; filamenta very pale yellow, villose all over, and twice 

 as long as the petals. Native of Germany, Austria, Carniola, 

 and Hungary. It flowers in July, or from June till August, 

 and is not uncommon in the nurseries about London. 



16. Clematis Calycina; Minorca Virgin's Bower. Calycine 

 involucre approximating ; leaves ternate and intermediate 

 one three-parted. Stem climbing, smooth, striated. It flow- 

 ers in February ; and is a native of Minorca. 



17. Clematis Americana ; South American Virgin* Bower. 

 or Climber. Leaves ternate; leaflets cordate-acuminate, quite 

 entire ; flowers corymbed. It has strong climbing stalks, 

 which fasten themselves by their claspers to the neighbour- 

 ing trees, whereby they are supported, and rise to the height 

 of twenty feet or more ; at each joint are trifoliate leaves, 

 heart-shaped, pointed, and entire.' The flowers are white. 

 Native of Campeachy. See the tenth species. 



18 Clematis Sinensis; Cltinexe Virgins Bower. Leaves 

 quinate-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate. Stems four-cornered, 



weak, so as to want support, scarcely climbing; flowers small ; 

 petals linear-lanceolate, dark purple, the inner edge painted 

 with a tomentose line ; tail of the seeds scarcely shorter than 

 the antherae. Native of China. 



19. Clematis Ochroleuca; Yellow -flowered Virgins Bower. 

 Leaves simple, ovate, pubescent, quite entire; flowers erect. 

 A low wnbranched plant ; stern pubescent; leaves opposite, 

 sessile, strongly nerved ; flower single, terminating, pale yel- 

 low. Native of North America, flowering in June and July. 



20. Clematis Trifolia. Leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, 

 serrate ; serratures mucronate ; peduncles three-flowered. 

 Branches striated, smooth ; seeds purple, villose, with a long 

 plumose tail. Native of the Isle of Bourbon. 



21. Clematis Minor ; Small Virgin's Bower. Leaves qui- 

 nate ; leaflets conical, three-nerved ; peduncles very long. 

 Stem suffruticose, round, slender, not very long, scandent, 

 branched ; flowers white, axillary, several together ; petals 

 oblong, striated ; stamina about forty, unequal ; styles four, 

 hairy, a little longer than the corolla. Native of the suburbs 

 of Canton in China. 



Cleome ; a genus of the class Tetradynamia, order Sili- 

 quosa. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth four-leaved, 

 very small, spreading, the lower leaflets gaping more than 

 the rest, deciduous. Corolla: four-petalled, all the petals 

 ascending, spreading, the intermediate one smaller than the 

 others ; nectareous glands three, roundish, one at each di- 

 vision, except one at the calix. Stamina : filamenta six 

 (sometimes twelve or twenty-four) subulate, declining ; 

 antherae lateral, ascending. Pistil: style simple ; germen 

 oblong, declining, the length of the stamina; stigmas thick- 

 ish, rising. Pericarp: silique long, cylindric, placed on the 

 style, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds-, very many, roundish. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Nectareous glands three, at each 

 sinus of the calix, except the lowest. Petals all ascending. 

 Silique one-celled, two-valved. Most of these plants are 

 natives of very warm countries, and will not thrive in England 

 without artificial heat. Therefore their seeds must be sown 

 upon a good hot-bed in the spring, and when the plants are 

 fit to remove, they should be planted in separate small pots, 

 filled with fresh light earth, and plunged into a fresh hot- 

 bed, observing to shade them until they have taken fresh root; 

 after which they should have air admitted to them every day, 

 inpro[>ortion to the warmth of the season, and their water- 

 ings should be frequently repeated, but not given in too great 

 plenty. When the plants have filled the small pots with their 

 roots, they should be put into larger, and plunged again into 

 a hot-bed to bring them forward ; and in July, when they are 

 too tall to remain longer in the hot-bed, they should be re- 

 moved into an airy glass-case, where they may be screened 

 from cold and wet. With this management they will soon after 

 flower, and perfect their seeds in autumn. The species are, 



1 . Cleome Fruticosa ; Shruhby Cleome. Flowers gynan- 

 d'ous, four-stamined ; leaves simple ; stem shrubby, round, 

 frutescent; racemes terminating, simple. Native of India. 



2. Cleome Heptaphylla ; Seven-leaved Cleome. Flowers 

 gynandrous ; leaves with about seven leaflets ; stem prickly. 

 The stem is herbaceous, from three to five feet high, branch - 

 ed,upright,angularlygrooved ; branches subdivided, spread- 

 ing, grooved, hirsute, viscid ; leaves alternate, scattered ; 

 flowers white, or flesh-coloured, terminating, in long loose 

 spikes ; siliques five inches long, thick, tapering, pendtolous. 

 It is an annual, flowering in June and July, growing plen- 

 tifully in Jamaica, and also supposed to be anatire of Egypt 

 and the East Indies. 



3. Cleome Pentaphylla ; Five-knrcil Cleome. Flowers gy- 

 nandrous ; leaves ternate ; stem unarmed. This is an annual. 



