326 



C L I 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C L I 



from four or five inches to a span long ; the petals are white. 

 Native of moist places, and by rivulets, in North America. 

 It is sufficiently hardy to endure the open air of our cli- 

 mate, and at the season of its flowering is a most beautiful 

 shrub : it will commonly flower here by the beginning of July; 

 and if the season be not very hot, there will be part of the 

 spikes in beauty till the beginning of August; and as most of 

 the branches are terminated by these spikes of flowers, they 

 make an elegant appearance when the shrubs are strong. 

 They will thrive much better in moist than in dry ground, 

 and require a sheltered situation, to defend them from strong 

 winds, which frequently break off the branches, where they 

 are too much exposed to their violence. It is propagated by 

 layers, but they are generally two years before they get root, 

 so that it is now rare in England. They may also be propa- 

 gated by suckers, sent out from their roots ; these should be 

 taken off carefully together with fibres, in the autumn, 

 and planted in a nursery-bed, whence at the end of two 

 years, they may be transplanted wherever they may be in- 

 tended to remain. It may also be propagated by seeds im- 

 ported from its native country, for they are never produced 

 in Great Britain ; but as the seeds seldom arrive here till 

 spring, when they are sown in that season, the plants will not 

 come up till the following spring; therefore the seeds should 

 be sown in pots and placed in a shady situation till autumn, 

 and then under a frame during winter : the plants will come 

 up in the following spring, and may be transplanted to a 

 nursery-bed in autumn, to acquire strength, before they are 

 finally removed to the spot where they are to remain. 



2. Clethra Paniculata ; Panicled Clethra. Shrubby : leaves 

 lanceolate, naked on both sides ; flowers panicled. It 

 flowers from August to October, and is a native of North 

 America. 



3. Clethra Arborea ; Tree Clethra. A tree : leaves ob- 

 long-lanceolate, smooth on both sides ; racemes in form of 

 spikes ; calices obtuse. Native of Madeira. 



4. Clethra Tinifolia. A tree : leaves oblong, lanceolate, 

 quite entire, hoary underneath; racemes panicled, spike- 

 shaped, tomentose. It generally rises to the height of twelve 

 or fourteen feet, with a thick trunk, covered with a smooth 

 clay-coloured bark ; the branches spread equally round, and 

 towards their ends are beset with leaves five inches long, dark- 

 green and smooth, on petioles ; each flower is on a pedicel, 

 with a subulate bracte at the base ; fruit smooth, green, round- 

 ish biggerthan peas, containinga sweet white mealypulp, and 

 a hard brownish -black stone, larger than a pepper-corn, and 

 much like it; they are sometimes eaten in Jamaica, where it 

 is a native. Sloane calls it the Bastard Locust tree. 



Clibadium -, a genus of the class Monoecia, order Pentan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common, imbri- 

 cate ; scales ovate, acute. Corolla : compound ; corollules 

 tubular, funnel-form ; border five-cleft. Corollules : of the 

 disk many, pedicelled, hermaphrodite ; of the ray, three or 

 four, sessile, female. Stamina : in the hermaphrodites ; fila- 

 menta five, capillary, very short ; anthers oblong, approxi- 

 mating. Pistil: in the hermaphrodites ; germen very small, 

 superior; style filiform; stigma simple : in the females, ger- 

 men roundish, inferior ; style filiform ; stigma two-parted. 

 Pericarp: common, none. Calix: ventricose, coloured. 

 Proper to the hermaphrodites, none : to the females, a 

 roundish, succulent, umbilicate drupe. Seed: one, cordate, 

 compressed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male : common ca- 

 lix imbricate ; corolla of the disk five-cleft. Female: 

 common calix the same ; corolla of the ray female, three 



Or four ; seeds an umbilicate drupe. The only known 



species is, 



1. Clibadium Surinamense. Leaves opposite, petioled, 

 ovate, acuminate, acutely crenate, scabrous ; peduncles op- 

 posite ; common calix violet-coloured when ripe ; corolla 

 white ; drupe green, with a yellow viscid juice. Native of 

 Surinam. 



Cliffortia ; a genus of the class Dicecia, order Polyandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : perianth three- 

 leaved ; leaflets ovate, acute, coriaceous, spreading, decidu- 

 ous. Corolla : none. Stamina : filamenta about thirty, capil- 

 lary, erect, the length of the calix ; antherae twin, oblong, 

 obtuse, erect, compressed. Female : Calix : perianth three- 

 leaved, equal, erect, superior, permanent ; leaflets acute, 

 lanceolate. Corolla: none. Pistil: germen oblong, infe- 

 rior ; styles two, filiform, long, plumose ; stigmas simple. 

 Pericarp : capsule oblong, nearly columnar, two-celled, 

 crowned with the calix. Seeds : solitary, nearly columnar, 

 linear. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix : three-leaved. 

 Corolla: none. Stamina: about thirty. Female. Calix: 

 three-leaved, superior. Corolla: none. Styles : two. Cap- 

 sules : two-celled. Seed: one in each cell. This genus con- 

 sists of shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves simple 

 or ternate, sheathing at the base ; flowers axillary, subses- 



sile. The species are, 



* ff r ith simple Leaves. 



1 . Cliffortia Odorata ; Sweet-smelling Cli/brtia. Leaves 

 ovate, serrate, ribbed, villose underneath. This is an erect 

 shrub, three feet high, little branching ; branches simple, 

 pubescent; leaves alternate, about an inch in length and 

 breadth, resembling those of Mint; flowers axillary, sessile. 



2. Cliffortia Ilicifolia; Ilex-leaved Cliffortia. Leaves 'sub- 

 cordate, toothed. This is a shrub about three feet high, with 

 alternate declining branches, clothed with truncated mem- 

 branes and stipules; leaves small, alternate,biennial, cartilagi- 

 nous about the edge, alittle embracing the stem.heart-shaped; 

 flowers lateral, axillary, sessile, solitary, green ; filamenta 

 white; antherae yellow. The flowers appear in June, July, and 

 August, but the leaves continue in verdure throughout the 

 year. All the plants of this and of the following species, now in 

 European gardens, are males. It is easily propagated by 

 cuttings, which may be planted in any of the summer months; 

 if these be planted in small pots filled with light earth, and 

 plunged into a very moderate hot-bed,theywill soon take root, 

 provided they be screened from the sun and duly watered : 

 they must be gradually inured to bear the open air when 

 they have taken root, or they will be drawn up weak ; they 

 should therefore be placed abroad till they have acquired 

 some strength, and may afterwards be each transplanted into 

 a separate small pot, and placed in the shade until they have 

 taken fresh root ; after which they may be planted with other 

 hardy exotics in a sheltered situation till October, when they 

 should be removed into the green-house, or placed under a 

 common hot- bed frame, where they may be screened from 

 the hard frost, but enjoy the free air at all times when the 

 weather i mild. The stems and branches will require sup- 

 port as the plants advance in height, or they will trail upon 

 the ground. In summer they must be placed in the open 

 air, with Myrtles and other hardy green-house plants ; and 

 in winter the plants may be treated in the same manner as 

 those, but must not have much water. 



3. Cliffortia Ruscifolia ; Butcher's Broom-leaved Cliffortia. 

 Leaves lanceolate, quite entire. A shrub about two feet high, 

 thicklybranched; branches alternate, ascending.ash-coloured, 

 and smooth near the bottom, brown, and tomentose above; 

 branchlets alternate, very frequent, short, covered with lan- 

 ceolate, acuminate, imbricate scales, in other respects naked, 

 except at the end, where they are leafy ; spikes of flowert 



