532 



C O C 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



COG 



linear, very much crowded ; calix unarmed. Root perennial 

 black; stem upright, hollow, from two to five inches high, 

 thickened at top, very closely covered with white hairs; 

 leaves many, both at the root and on the stem, sharp, three 

 inches long, some quite entire, others toothletted, unarmed, 

 the sides rolled back : flower solitary, terminating, erect, 

 very large in proportion to the plant, sessile in the uppermost 

 shorter leaves : corollets purple ; antheraa violet coloured. It 

 flowers in July and August. Native of the mountainsof Austria. 



5. Cnicus Acarna; Yellow Cnicus. Leaves decurrent, lan- 

 ceolate, undivided; calices pinnate, thorny. Stem herba- 

 ceous, winged by the leaves running down it, hoary, a foot 

 high, but sometimes much smaller; leaves sessile, scattered, 

 extremely acute, hoary, keeled, having a few teeth about the 

 edge, with two or three yellow spines in each ; calix woolly; 

 corollets purple ; flowers terminating, afterwards axillary, 

 sessile ; corollas small, purplish. Native of the south of 

 France and of Spain. 



6. Cnicus Spinosissimus ; Thorny Cnicus. Leaves stem- 

 clasping, sinuate, pinnate, thorny; head simple; flowers ses- 

 sile. Stem unbranched, twelve to eighteen inches high; the 

 top entirely covered with leaves, angular, not winged ; stem- 

 leaves most fiercely thorned ; pinnas angular, many-lobed, the 

 nerves continued into strong thorns ; the leaves on the top of 

 the stem form a nest for the flower, broader, ovate-lanceolate, 

 pinnate, whitish yellow, pubescent ; floscules pale yellow. 

 It rises to the height of four feet in gardens, and is perennial. 

 Native of Switzerland, Austria, and Carniola. 



7. Cnicus Centauroides ; Artichoke-leaved Cnicus. Leaves 

 pinnatifid ; calices scariose; scales acuminate. Stem three 

 feet high, angular, putting forth few branches, and having at 

 the top heads the size of a small artichoke, of a tawny colour; 

 leaves like those of the artichoke ; corollas purple. It flowers 

 in July and August. Native of the Pyrenees. 



8. Cnicus Uniflorous; Single-flowered Cnicus. Leaves 

 pinnatifid ; calix scariose, villose. Stem two feet high, erect, 

 subangular, the thickness of the little finger, scarcely lanugi- 

 nose, one-flowered ; flower terminating, sessile ; corolla large, 

 violet; floscules six-cleft, withlinear acute segments; stamina 

 and style longer than the corolla, the former white, the latter 

 violet. Perennial; and a native of Siberia. 



9. Cnicus Cernuus ; Siberian Cnicus. Leaves cordate ; 

 petioles curled, thorny, stem-clasping; flowers drooping; ca- 

 lices scariose. Root perennial, large, and rough, sending out 

 many thick black fibres, which strike deep in the ground ; 

 the stalks rise six or seven feet high, sending out a few small 

 branches : they are striated, of a brown colour, and at bottom 

 have heart-shaped leaves half stem-clasping; the leaves to- 

 wards the top of the stalk are long and narrow, ending in acute 

 points. Each branch is terminated by one large head of 

 flowers ; calycine scales imbricate, ending in a sharp spine ; 

 florets pale yellow, with an agreeable scent. It flowers in the 

 second year after the seed has been sown, in July, and the 

 seeds ripen in the autumn, when the plant decays. The in- 

 habitants of Siberia, of whose country it is a native, eat the 

 tender stalks boiled. 



Coccocypsclum ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 four-parted, superior; segments acute, erect. Corolla: one- 

 petalled, funnel-form ; tube longer than the calix, gradually 

 widening toward the border, which is four-parted, the 

 parts ovate, erect. Stamina : filamcnta four, the length of 

 the tube, inserted into the base, filiform, erect ; antherae 

 erect. Pistil : germen ovate, inferior ; style the length of 

 the stamina, bifid at the tip ; stigmas simple. Pericarp : 

 berry roundish, inflated, two-celled, crowned. Seeds; nume- 



rous, minute. ESSENTUL CHARACTER. Calix: four-parted, 

 superior. Corolla: funnel-form. Berry-, inflated, two-celled, 

 many-seeded. The species are, 



1. Coccocypselum Repens. Stems creeping at the base; 

 leaves egg-shaped; cymes axillary, nearly sessile. It grows 

 in spreading tufts, each stalk creeping eighteen or twenty 

 inches from the root, and shooting out a few lateral branches 

 as it runs ; the flowers and fruit rise on short divided pedun- 

 cles from alternate axils. Native of Jamaica, frequent in 

 the cooler mountains of Liguanea, and Mont Diable. 



2. Coccocypselum Virgatum. Stems rod-like; leaves 

 acuminate ; cymes lateral, peduncled ; peduncles longer 

 than the petiole. Native of South America. 



Coccoloba; a genus of the class Octandria, order Trigynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- leafed, five- 

 parted ; divisions oblong, obtuse, concave, spreading most 

 widely, coloured, permanent. Corolla: none. Stamina: 

 filamenta eight, subulate, patulous, shorter than the calix ; 

 antherae roundish, twin. Pistil: germen ovate, trigonal; 

 styles three, short, filiform, spreading ; stigma simple. Peri- 

 carp : none. Calix: berried, thickened, converging, in- 

 volving the seed. Seed: nut ovate, acute, one-celled. ES- 

 SENTIAL, CHARACTER. Calix : five-parted, coloured. CorolUi : 

 none. Berry -. calycine, one-seeded. The plants of this 

 genus are all easily propagated by seeds, whenever they can 

 be obtained fresh from the places where they naturally grow, 

 for none of them have hitherto produced seeds in England. 

 The seeds should be sown in small pots of kitchen-garden 

 earth, and plunged into a hot-bed ; if they be fresh and 

 good, and the bed be of a proper temperature, the plants 

 will appear in five or six weeks, and will be fit to transplant 

 in about a month after : they should then be shaken out of 

 their pots, carefully separating their roots, and each replanted 

 in a separate small pot of the same kind of earth, plunging 

 them into a hot-bed of tanner's bark, taking care to shade 

 them in the day-time until they have taken new root, after 

 which they should be treated like other tender exotic plants, 



which require to be constantly kept in the bark-stove. 



The species are, 



1. Coccoloba Uvifera; Round-leaved Sea-side Grape, or 

 Mangrove Grape Tree. Leaves cordate-roundish, shining. 

 This is a lofty, spreading, branched, irregular, inelegantly 

 Formed tree, but rendered handsome by its leaves and fruits; 

 jark cinereous, thin, in the younger trees smooth, in the 

 older ones full of chinks ; timber hard, ponderous, red, hut 

 fit for little except as fire-wood, on account of its fibrous tex- 

 ;ure, unless it should turn out to be serviceable in dying; 

 flowers small, whitish, smelling like those of the cherry; 

 racemes about a foot long, simple, terminal, solitary. Gartner 



:alls the fruit a superior drupe, formed of the berried calix, 

 gbovate, of a purple colour, with a bloom, becoming black 

 when ripe, and wrinkled ; pulp soft, drying into a thin crust. 

 The fruit is very astringent, and may be used in emulsions, 

 joluses, or electuaries, but its action is not of long continuance; 

 t has the exact taste of Bistort; the berries possess an agree- 

 able flavour, but the pulp is not considerable. This tree is 

 common in the sugar colonies, and is generally found near the 

 sea. It frequently grows to a considerable size, and is then 

 ooked upon as a beautiful wood for all sorts of cabinet ware, 

 jut it seldom rises straight or regular. The Spaniards call 

 t uvero, and the French raisiiuer du bord de la mer. 



2. Coccoloba Pubescens ; Great-leaved Sea-side Grape. 

 Leaves orbiculate, pubescent. This is an upright tree, sixty 

 ir eighty feet high : the head has frequently no more than 

 two or three thick branches, but little divided and irregular: 

 the bole is sometimes forty feet in length, and puts forth a 



