c o c 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL} 



C O C 



the leaves, and kept in the shops, and its juice is frequently 

 prescribed, when mixed with that of Seville oranges, under 

 the name of antiscorbutic juices. It is found on the moun- 

 tains and sea-shores of the north of Europe : in England, it 

 will be met with near Lynn and Yarmouth ; near Hull, 

 Boston, Whapload, Holbeach ; in Cornwall, Cumberland, 

 Lancashire, and Wales ; and at a great distance from the 

 sea, near Castleton, in Derbyshire, Penigent, Ingleborough, 

 Stanemore, and near Settle, in Yorkshire ; and on the High- 

 lands of Scotland. It is propagated for its medicinal uses, 

 and ought to be found in every garden : the seeds should be 

 sown in July, soon after they are ripe, in a moist shady spot 

 of ground, aiid when the plants come up they should be 

 thinned, so as to be left at about four 'inches' distance each 

 way ; the plants which may be taken out in thinning, may 

 be transplanted into other shady borders, if there be occasion 

 for them ; if not, they may be hoed out in the same manner 

 as onions, carrots, &c. taking care at the same time to hoe 

 down all the weeds together with them, that the remaining 

 plants may have room to grow strong: in the spring the plants 

 will be fit for use, while those which may be suffered to re- 

 main, will produce their seeds in May, and ripen th em in June. 

 2. Cochlearia Danica ; Danish Scurvy Grass. Leaves 

 hastate -angular, all deltoid. Stems about five inches long, 

 seldom branched, partly decumbent, striated, reddish ; flow- 

 ers white, small ; silicic elliptical. Found upon the sea- 

 coasts of Denmark and Sweden ; and in Great Britain, in 

 the isle of Portland, and about Plymouth; also at Wells, in 

 Norfolk; isle of Walney, and Blackpool, in Lancashire; near 

 Llanbadrick church, Anglesea ; and in Scotland. 



3. Cochlearia Anglica ; English or Sea Scurvy Grass. Root- 

 leaves egg-shaped, entire; stem-leaves lanceolate, toothed ; 

 silicles elliptical, reticularly veined ; root annual or bien- 

 nial. The herb smooth, somewhat fleshy ; flowers like those 

 of the first species, of which, according to Hudson, it is only 

 a variety. According to Mr. Woodward, it is undoubtedly 

 a distinct species; and he affirms, that at Yarmouth, where 

 it grows abundantly, as well as in other places, it is never 

 known to vary. Hill recommends the leaves of this plant, or 

 the juice of them, to be taken in the same manner as those 

 of the first species, as he affirms their virtues to be the same, 

 and even greater, although the taste be less agreeable. It 

 is found in muddy soils upon the sea-coasts, on the banks of 

 the Thames, near Portsmouth, Bristol, in the salt-marshes 

 of Kent and Essex, in the isle of Wight, near Kings-weston, 

 and upon the rocks of Inch-columb, &c. 



4. Cochlearia Groenlandica ; Greenland Scurvy Grass. 

 Leaves kidney-form, entire, fleshy. Root-leaves very small, 

 underneath very convex and fleshy, veinless, very entire, on 

 long petioles; stem-leaves hastate, angular, on short petioles. 

 Not above two inches high. It is found on the sea-coasts of 

 Muscovy, and Davis's Straits ; on the mountains of Caernar- 

 vonshire, about Llanberys; near Settle; on the Highlands of 

 Scotland ; and in the Orkneys. 



5. Cochlearia Coronopus ; Wild Scurry Grass, or Swine's 

 Cress. Leaves pinnatifid ; stem depressed. Stem and leaves 

 smooth, lying flat upon the ground, all about the roots ; the 

 flowers grow in short axillary tufts, arc very small, and have 

 white petals. It is acrid, and tastes like garden-cress. The 

 ashes were an ingredient in Mrs. Stephens* once celebrated 

 medicine for the stone. The expressed juice of this plant 

 is a safe but powerful diuretic, and is good for all inward 

 obstructions, the jaundice, and scorbutic complaints ; the 

 leaves may be eaten as a salad, or dried and given in decoction. 

 It is an annual, and commonly found on road-sides, dung- 

 hills, and among rubbish ; flowering from J une to August. 



6. Cochlearia Armoracia; Horse Radish. Root-leaves 

 lanceolate, crenate ; stem-leaves gashed. Root perennial, 

 creeping : leaves very large, varying much, sometimes deeply 

 pinnatifid, sometimes entire, and only crenated ; flowering- 

 stem a foot or eighteen inches high, branching at top, almost 

 naked ; flowers white, in loose panicles ; silicic nearly ovate. 

 Found on the sides of ditches, and it also grows among 

 rubbish, and in pastures, flowering in May. Horse-radish, 

 the scraped root of which is used for many culinary purposes, 

 possesses a volatile and pungent quality, which evaporates 

 in drying. It impregnates both water and spirit very richly 

 with its active matter, whether it be extracted by infusion or 

 distillation. It is a moderately stimulating, aperient, and 

 antiseptic medicine, which sensibly promotes perspiration, 

 urine, the expectoration of viscid phlegm, and excites appe- 

 tite when the stomach is weakened or relaxed : it is princi- 

 pally used in paralytic and rheumatic complaints, in scurvies, 

 and impurities of the humours, in cachectic disorders, and in 

 dropsies, particularly those which often follow intermitting 

 fevers: it provokes vomiting, if taken in considerable quan- 

 tities. Thomas Bartholin extols the virtues of Horse-radish 

 in the stone, from his own experience ; he declares, that the 

 juice of Horse-radish dissolved a calculous or stony concre- 

 tion that was taken out of the human body. An infusion of 

 it in cold milk is said to make one of the safest and best 

 cosmetics. One dram of the root infused in four ounces of 

 water for two hours in a close vessel, and made into a syrup 

 with double its weight of sugar, a tea-spoonful of which to 

 be taken occasionally, removes hoarseness. The Horse- 

 radish is propagated by cuttings or buds, from the sides of 

 the old roots ; the best season for this work is in October or 

 February ; the former for dry lands, the latter for moist : the 

 ground should be trenched at least two spits deep or more, 

 if it will allow of it. The manner of planting is as follows : 

 Provide yourself with a good quantity of offsets, which 

 should have a bud upon their crowns, but it matters not 

 how short they are, therefore the upper part of the roots 

 which are taken up for use, may be cut off about two inches 

 long, with the bud to it, which is esteemed the best for plant- 

 ing ; then make a trench about ten inches deep, in which 

 place the offsets, about four or five inches' distance each 

 way, with the bud upward, covering them with the mould 

 that was taken out of the trench ; after this proceed to pre- 

 pare other trenches, and plant them in the same manner, 

 until the whole ground be filled ; after this is done, level 

 the surface of the ground even, observing to keep it clean 

 from weeds, until the plants be so far advanced as to be 

 strong enough to overbear and keep them down. Under this 

 management,the rootsof the Horse-radish will growlongand 

 straight, and free from small lateral roots, sind the second year 

 after planting they will be fit for use. The ground in which 

 they are planted ought to be very rich, otherwise they will 

 not thrive. The roots may be preserved for some time in 

 their juicy state, by putting them in dry sand. 



7. Cochlearia Glastifolia ; I food -leaved Scurvy Grow. 

 Stem-leaves cordate, sagittate, stem clasping. Root biennial; 

 stem usually a foot and half high, with upright stalks ; the 

 flowers in loose spikes at the ends of the branches, very small, 

 white ; and are succeeded by short oval pointed swelling 

 pods filled with round seeds. Native of Germany and the 

 south of France ; flowering from May to July. 



8. Cochlearia Draba. Leaves lanceolate, stem-clasping, 

 toothed. Rootperennial, striking deep ; stems several, about 

 a foot high, striated, leafy, almost simple, annual; lea\,'- di-<- 

 tantly toothed, pale green or hoary; flowers small. white, in 

 several short racemes. Native of Italy, Austria, &c. 



