348 



CON 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



CON 



4. Conium Rugosum. Seeds wrinkled. Stem somewhat 

 shrubby. Native of the Cape. 



5. Conium Tenuifolium. Root and stem-leaves simple, 

 linear. Stem herbaceous, upright, a foot high, scarcely 

 branched, slender, round, smooth, slightly streaked ; leave's 

 very narrow, a little wider at the base, and somewhat sheath- 

 ing, very smooth, the lower ones four inches long or rather 

 more; stem-leaves remote ; umbel small, five-rayed, about 

 eight or ten flowers in the umbellule : seeds oblong, striated, 

 small, smooth ; styles permanent, divaricating. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. 



Connarus ; a genus of the class Monadelphia, order De- 

 candria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 five-parted, erect, tomentose, permanent. Corolla : petals 

 five, lanceolate, erect, equal. Stamina: filamenta ten, subu- 

 late, erect, connected at the base, alternately of the length 

 of the flower, and alternately very short; antherae roundish. 

 Pistil : germen roundish ; style cylindric ; stigma obtuse. 

 Pericarp : capsule oblong, gibbous, one-celled, two-valved. 

 Seed : single, ovate, large. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Style : 

 one. Stigma: simple. Capsule: two-valved, one-celled, 

 one-seeded. The species are, 



1. Connarus Monocarpus ; Ceylon Sumach. Leaves alter- 

 nate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets ovate, smooth, 

 entire, thick, each on short petiolules, and remaining green 

 the whole year ; flowers in large upright racemes, at the 

 ends of the branches ; they are small, hairy, and of a greenish 

 yellow colour, and rarely produce seeds in Europe. It rises 

 with a woody stalk, about eight or ten feet high, hard, rigid, 

 covered with a blackish bark, dividing at top into two or 

 three branches. Native of Ceylon. It is usually propagated 

 in gardens, by laying down the young branches, which if 

 tongued, iu the manner practised for Carnations, and duly 

 watered, will put out roots in twelve months, when they may 

 be cut off from the old plants, and each planted in a separate 

 small pot, filled with fresh light earth, plunged into a mo- 

 derate hot-bed to forward their taking new root, observing 

 to shade them from the sun every day, and to water them 

 as they may require it. They should afterwards be treated 

 in the same manner as other exotics, placing them in the 

 dry-stove in winter, and for about three months in the 

 summer in a warm sheltered situation in the open air. 



2 Connarus Africanus. Leaves ternate, lanceolate, ellip- 

 tic ; veins protuberant underneath ; branches round, smooth ; 

 flowers in a terminating spreading panicle. Na,tive of the 

 mountains of Sierra Leone. 



3. Connarus Santaloides. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate- 

 acuminate ; peduncles axillary, aggregate ; flowers racemed. 

 A tree, the branches round, smooth, with a purplish brown 

 bark ; calix ovate, the five segments lanceolate, acute, when 

 in fruit bell-shaped ; petals twice as long as the calix ; fila- 

 menta unequal, the length of the corolla, scarcely united at 

 the base. Native of the East Indies. 



4. Connarus Mimosoides. Leaves pinnate, with about 

 ten pairs of oval-oblong emarginate leaflets ; racemes axil- 

 larv. A tree, the branches round, villose towards the top ; 

 leaves towards the ends of the branches, petioled, alternate, 

 approximating, unequally pinnate, with from nine to eleven 

 pairs of leaflets, on very short petioles, opposite or alternate, 

 the inner ones smaller, smooth, very finely veined on the 

 upper surface, blunt, deeply emarginate, paler underneath ; 

 petioles slightly villose. Native of the island of Nicobar. 



Conocarpas ; a genus of the class Pentandriu, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 superior, very small, five-parted, acute, erect, divisions 

 subulate. Corolla : petals five, converging, (or none.) 



Stamina : filamenta either five or ten, subulate, erect ; an- 

 therae globose. Pistil : germen large, compressed, obtuse, 

 inferior ; style single, short ; stigma obtuse. Pericm/i . 

 none, distinct from the seed. Seed: single, obovate, with 

 a membranaceous thick margin, projecting on each .side. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Petals : five, or none. Calix : bell- 

 form. Seeds : naked, solitary, inferior. Flowers ; aggre- 

 gate. The species are, 



1. Conocarpus Erecta ; Jamaica Button Tree. Erect: 

 leaves lanceolate. This is an upright branching tree, fre- 

 quently exceeding thirty feet in height ; the younger branches 

 are angular ; leaves alternate, two to three inches long, on 

 short petioles, and greasy to the touch ; the flowers small, 

 and of a yellowish colour. Native of the West Indies, and 

 all the coasts of America, between the tropics, in great 

 plenty, near the sea and in salt water : it is esteemed the 

 best fuel in those latitudes, and being small, it is of scarcely 

 any other use. The English call it button-tree, and button- 

 wood ; the Spaniards mangle s'aragoza. Both this and the 

 second species are preserved in some curious gardens for the 

 sake of variety, but they are plants of no great beauty. 

 They are propagated from seeds, which must be obtained 

 from the places where they naturally grow, as the plants 

 never produce them in Europe. If the seeds be fresh, they 

 will come up very soon when sown upon a hot-bed ; and if 

 the plants be potted and preserved in the bark-stove, they 

 will thrive rapidly ; but they are too tender to bear the open 

 air in this country, and will not live unless constantly Jve|.t 

 in the stove, and treated in the same manner as otherexotic 

 plants, observing, as they are natives of swamps, to supply 

 them often with water, but giving them only small quan- 

 tities in winter. They are evergreen, casting off their old 

 leaves when the new come out. 



2. Conocnrpus Procumbens. Procumbent : leaves obo- 

 vate ; cones somewhat racemed, sessile. It is a very branch- 

 ing shrub. Native of Cuba, on rocks near the coast. 



3. Conocarpus Ilacemosa. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, 

 bluntish ; fruits not aggregate. This is a lofty and branch- 

 ing tree, sometimes dividing into three or four trunks close 

 to the ground; the younger branches are shining, red, and 

 opposite ; leaves quite entire7 shining, thk kish, greasy to 

 the touch, deep green, opposite, three inches long, on a red 

 petiole, with two glands at the top of it; the flowers are 

 small and sessile, and have a slight and not an unpleasant 

 smell ; the petals are five, and whitish. Native of the Carib- 

 bee islands, and the neighbouring continent, on sandy and 

 muddy shores. The Spaniards call it mangle bobo, or foolish 

 mangle ; the English white mangrove. The Caribbees employ 

 the bark for tanning leather ; and this is the only use to 

 which it seems possible to apply these trees. 



Conopea ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GE.VJTRIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, five-cornered, permanent, five-cleft ; segments sub- 

 ovate, acuminate, erect. Corolla : one-petalled, ringent ; 

 tube oblong, gradually widening ; border two-lipped ; U|>|>er 

 lip erect, emarginate, lower trifid, the middle segments 

 larger, concave. Stamina : filamenta four, two larger, 

 fastened at bottom to the tube of the corolla ; antherae 

 sagittate. Pistil: germen roundish; style filiform, hairt : 

 stigma two-lobed. Pericarp: capsule roundish, one-celled, 

 four-valved. Seeds: very many, small, oblong, striated, 

 fixed to a roundish receptacle. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calif: five-cleft. Corolla: ringent, two-lipped, lower lip 

 trifid. Stigma : two-lobed. Capsule : one-celled, four- 

 vulved, many-seeded. The ouly known species is, 



1. Conopea Aquatica. This is a creeping plant, with 



