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THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



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8. Convolvulus Panduratus ; Virginian Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, entire, panduriform ; calices even. Root perennial, 

 thick and long, like that of a carrot ; stems very long and 

 slender ; peduncles long, slender, sustaining from one to 

 three flowers, large and white, with the bottom of a fine pur- 

 ple ; seeds hirsute. It flowers from June until September, 

 and will endure the open air of Great Britain. It is a native 

 of Virginia and Carolina. 



9. Convolvulus Carolinus; Carolina Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, entire, and three-lobed ; corollas undivided ; fruits 

 erect ; stems slender reddish towards the root, and hairy at 

 the joints; leaves somewhat entire and cordate, others like ivy 

 leaves ; peduncles neai an inch in length, with a few narrow 

 bractes; corollas pale purple. The seeds were imported 

 among rice sent from Carolina to England, where it will 

 thrive in the open air. 



10. Convolvulus Hederaceus; Ivy-leaved Bindweed. 

 Leaves cordate, entire, and three-lobed; corollas undivided ; 

 fruits erect. This much resembles the next species ; the 

 flowers, however, are much larger, they are solitary, on very 

 short peduncles, of a very elegant blue colour, with a whitish 

 base. It is an annual plant, and was first raised in England 

 from seeds brought by a slave-ship from the river Gambia in 

 Africa. It is a native of Asia, Africa, and America. 



11. Convolvulus Nil; Blue or Azure Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, three-lobed; corollas half five-cleft; peduncles 

 shorter than the petiole. It is an annual plant, rising with 

 a twining stalk eight or ten feet high; leaves woolly, ending 

 in sharp points, and on long petioles. Each peduncle sus- 

 tains two flowers of a very deep blue colour; whence it re- 

 ceives its name of Anil, or Indigo. It is one of the most beauti- 

 ful plants of the whole genus : some have supposed it to be a 

 mere variety of the twelfth sort; but the leaves have three 

 deeply-divided lobes, whereas in the other they are entire. It 

 flowers all the latter part of the summer; and in good seasons 

 the seeds ripen well in the open air. It is a native of America. 

 It is now rarely met with in our gardens, although Gerarde 

 cultivated it before the year 1597; but it appears to have 

 perished before it ripened its seeds. He says, that the Ara- 

 bians call it nil; the Italians campana azurea, from its beau- 

 tiful azure flowers; and also far di notte, or night-flower, 

 because its beauty appeareth most in the night. This species 

 must be brought forward on a hot-bed, and planted out on a 

 warm border toward the end of May. 



1-2. Convolvulus Purpureus ; Purple Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, undivided; fruits drooping; pedicels thickened; 

 peduncles erect, but the pedicels of the fruit thickened and 

 drooping; the calix dotted, scabrous, and hairy. It is com- 

 monly known in the gardens by the name of Convolvulus 

 Major. There are three or four lasting varieties of it, which 

 are annual plants ; the commonest has a purple flower; but 

 there is one with a white, a second with a red, and a third 

 with a whitish blue flower, and white seeds. If properly 

 supported, these plants will rise ten or twelve feet high ; they 

 flower in June, July, and August, and will continue till the 

 frost kills them. The seeds ripen in autumn. Native of 

 America and the West Indies. This is able to endure the 

 open air in England. It is propagated by sowing the seeds 

 in the spring, upon a warm border, where the plants are 

 designed to remain. Some tall stakes must be placed by 

 them for the stalks to twine about, otherwise they will spread 

 on the ground, and make a bad appearance. 



13. Convolvulus Angularis. Leaves cordate, five-cor- 

 nered, quite entire, villose; peduncles many-flowered. Stem 

 pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, rough with reddish shin- 

 ing hairs; flowers orange ; peduncles the length of the leaves; 



calix hairy; corollas bell-shaped, thrice the length of the 

 calix. Native of Java. 



14. Convolvulus Obscums; Hairy Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, undivided ; stem somewhat pubescent ; peduncles 

 thickened, one-flowered; calices smooth. Root annual; 

 stem round. It flowers in August: and is a native of 

 Batavia, China, Cochin-china, Ceylon, and Surinam. 



15. Convolvulus Batatas; Tuberous -rooted Bindweed, or 

 Spanish Potatoes. Leaves cordate-hastate, five-nerved ; stem 

 hispid, creeping, bearing tubers ; root perennial ; stem cylin- 

 drical, prostrate, sending out tubers, which are purple or pale 

 on the outside; leaves angular, on long petioles ; flowers 

 purple, lateral, large, three or thereabouts together, on upright 

 peduncles. Native of both Indies, also of China, and Cochin- 

 china. They came first into Spain from the West Indies or ' 

 the Spanish Main, and the roots are annually imported into 

 England from Spain and Portugal. They were the common 

 Potatoes of our old English writers ; the roots which are now 

 so generally cultivated among us under that name, being then 

 little known. They are sweet, sapid,' and esteemed nourish- 

 ing. They are commonly cultivated in all the tropical climates, 

 where they eat not only the roots, but the young leaves and 

 tender shoots boiled. There are several varieties, if not dis- 

 tinct species, of Batatas. Loureiro mentions one, the roots 

 of which are in bunches, white within, and of a tougher sub- 

 stance, though not so sweet as the common sort, but yetmore 

 esteemed among the natives. Forster mentions a second, 

 which is found, not only in the South-sea islands within the ; 

 tropics, but also in Easter Island, and in the northern parts 

 of New Zealand. They are cultivated in warm climates by 

 their roots, in the same manner as our common Potatoe, but 

 require much more room, for the trailing stalks extend every 

 way four or five feet, sending out large tubers, forty or fifty 

 of which are produced from a single root. In England, the 

 roots must be planted on a hot bed in the spring : and if the 

 plants be kept covered in bad weather with glasses, they will 

 produce flowers, and many small roots from the joints ; but 



if they be exposed to the open air, they seldom make much 

 progress. 



16. Convolvulus Biflorus. Leaves cordate, pubescent ; 

 peduncles in pairs ; lobes of the corolla trifid. Root annual ; 

 stem round, hairy, branched at the base ; petioles round, 

 hairy, shorter than the leaf; tibrollas white, five-cleft, small ; 

 the lobes three-cleft, the middle cleft smallest ; tube shorter 

 than the calix ; stamina the length of the tube ; pistil white, 

 the length of the stamina; stigmas two, headed, purple. 

 Native of China. 



17. Convolvulus Verticillatus. Leaves cordate, oblong, 

 naked; peduncles umbellate, bifid, many-flowered. Corolla 

 bell-shaped ; flowers bluish and small. Native of America. 



18. Convolvulus Umbellatus; Umbelled Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate : peduncles umbellate. Stem herbaceous, twining, 

 filiform, stiff, subdivided, pubescent, round ; flowers many, 

 terminating, on peduncles three inches long or more ; corollas 

 yellow, the border plaited obtusely, pentangular. It flowers 

 in June and July. Native of the West India Islands. 



19. Convolvulus Malabaricus. Leaves cordate, smooth ; 

 stem perennial, villose. Stem twining, round, slender ; leaves 

 acuminate, quite entire ; peduncles one-flowered ; corolla 

 bell-shaped, with a long tube, white, with a dnsky purple 

 base. Native of the East Indies and Cochin-china. 



20. Convolvulus Canariensis ; Canary Bindweed. Leaves 

 cordate, pubescent ; stem perennial, villose; peduncles many- 

 flowered. Roots strong, fibrous ; stems woody, branched, 

 growing twenty feet high and more when supported ; flowers 

 axillary, several on one peduncle, for the most part of a pale 



