COR 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



COR 



371 



filamenta eight, very short, growing to the interior side of the 

 calicine scale ; antherse ovate-oblong, shorter than the calix, 

 erect. Female Flowers, remote from the males, on a very 

 small subglobular ament, in the same plant, sessile, included 

 within the bud. Calix : perianth two-leaved, leathery, lace- 

 rated on the margin, erect, length of the fruit, scarcely visible 

 during the time of inflorescence, on account of its smallness. 

 Corolla : none. Pistil : germen roundish, very small ; styles 

 two, setaceous, much longer than the calix, coloured ; 

 stigmas simple. Pericarp : none. Seed : nut ovate, scalped 

 as it were at the base, but little compressed at the tip, 

 slightly pointed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix : 

 one-leafed, three-cleft, scale-form, one-flowered. Corolla : 

 none. Stamirta : eight. Female. Calix .- two-leaved, lace- 

 rated. Styles : two. Nut : ovate. All the species of this 

 well-known genus, maybe propagated by sowing their nuts 

 in February ; which, in order to preserve them good, should 

 be kept in sand in a moist cellar, where the vermin cannot 

 come at them to destroy them ; nor should the external 

 air be excluded from them, which would make them grow 

 mouldy. The method of sowing their seeds is well known ; 

 hut not one in four of the plants so produced prove so good 

 as those raised from the nuts. Mr. Miller, however, recom- 

 mends the method of propagating them by layers, as being 

 not only the surest, but also the most expeditious plan, for 

 those especially who cultivate the trees for the sake of their 

 fruits. To sow the nuts, let the ground be well ploughed 

 and harrowed ; and let drills be drawn one yard asunder, 

 into which drop the nuts, at about ten inches' distance, and 

 let them be covered with two inches of earth. They must 

 be carefully weeded and thinned, as soon as they appear, until 

 the plants be left half a yard asunder each way. Or they 

 may be thus raised in a nursery, and removed thence when 

 they are from a foot to two feet high, and planted finally at 

 the distance before-mentioned. In twelve years they may 

 be cut down for poles, but may afterwards be cut every 



seventh or eighth year. The species are, 



1. Corylus Avellana : Hazel-nut Tree. Stipules egg- 

 shaped, obtuse ; leaves roundish, heart-shaped, acuminate ; 

 branchlets hairy. The varieties are Corylus Sylvestris, Com- 

 mon Hazel-nut Tree ; Corylus Alba, White Filbert- nut Tree ; 

 Corylus Rubra, Red Filbert-nut Tree ; Corylus Grandis, 

 Cob-nut Tree ; and Corylus Glomerata, Cluster-nut Tree. 

 The common Hazel-nut tree is properly a shrub : the trunk 

 is covered with a whitish cloven bark, which is smooth on 

 the branches, frequently of a bay colour, and spotted with 

 white ; leaves alternately gash-serrate, wrinkled. The male 

 catkins appear in Autumn, and wait for the expansion of the 

 female germina in the spring ; the styles are of a bright red 

 colour, long and setaceous ; the flowering branches, espe- 

 cially those which bear the fertile flowers, are set with short 

 fine iiairs, terminating in globules. The varieties grow more 

 erect than the common Hazel : the Cob-nut has a very large 

 round fruit ; and the Cluster-nut is so called from the fruit 

 growing in great clusters at the ends of the branches. The 

 Hazel, says Swinburn, has the name Avellana, from Avellino, 

 a city in the kingdom of Naples, near which it is cultivated ; 

 it covers the whole face of the neighbouring valleys, and 

 in fruitful years produces an enormous profit. The nuts 

 are mostly of the large round filbert kind, which we call 

 Spanish, and were originally imported into Italy from Pon- 

 tus, and therefore known to the Romans by the appellation 

 of nut Pontica, which in process of time was changed 

 into that of nux Avellana, from the place where they had 

 been cultivated with the greatest success. The common 

 Hazel-nut is found wild in many woods and coppices in Eng- 



land, where the country people gather the fruit, and send i' 

 in abundance to the London markets. As a shrub it is well 

 adapted for thickening woods ; and when allowed to grow, 

 will make poles of twenty feet ; but it is generally cut down 

 sooner for walking-sticks, fishing rods, withes for fagoting, 

 and other purposes for which it may be profitably employed. 

 Where yeast is scarce, they twist the twigs, and steep them in 

 ale during its fermentation, then hang them up to dry, and, 

 when they brew, put them into the wort. The Filbert can 

 only be kept from changing by propagating it from suckers or 

 layers, the last of which make the best trees. Plantations of 

 Filbert-trees are much attended to in some parts of Kent ; they 

 are never suffered to rise above six feet in height, and are 

 regularly pruned like Gooseberry bushes. They are planted 

 twelve feet asunder, and when full spread, the cup formed by 

 the branches is six feet in diameter ; the intermediate space 

 is generally filled up with hoeing crops, the vigour of the trees 

 greatly depending on the stirring of the ground : it is therefore 

 the usual mode to raise them in hop-grounds, where Cherry and 

 sometimes Apple-trees are also planted. The Kentish men 

 seem to know nothing of raising them from layers, but pro- 

 pagate them by suckers, which ought to be previously trained 

 in a nursery. The best soil for them is what is called coomey 

 in Kent, consisting of a strong loam, with a clayey or 

 marley bottom. In this kind of ground they bear fruit in 

 such great abundance, that an acre has been sometimes sold 

 for fifty pounds. 



2. Corylus Rostrata ; American Cuckold-nut Tree. Stipules 

 lanceolate; leaves oblong-cordate, acute ; branchlets smooth ; 

 calices of the fruit beaked. This is remarkable for the 

 length of the calix, which continues to cover the nut entirely 

 even after it is ripe. Native of North America. 



3. Corylus Colurna ; Constantinople, or Byzantine Hazel-nut 

 Tree. Stipules linear, acute. The leaves in this are a little 

 laciniated at top ; the raceme of nuts very large ; the nuts 

 themselves roundish, and in shape like those of the common 

 Hazel, but more than twice their size. Native of the country 

 about Constantinople. 



Corymbium ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Mono- 

 gamia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth two-leaved, 

 one-flowered, inferior, long, prismatic, six-cornered ; leaflets 

 erect, converging longitudinally, triangular on the back, 

 truncated, obscurely three-toothed, permanent, having two 

 very small leaflets at the base. Corolla : one-petalled , 

 equal ; tube very short ; border five-parted, spreading ; divi- 

 sions lanceolate. Stamina ': filamenta five, simple, erect, 

 seated on the tube ; antherse oblong, erect, shorter than the 

 corolla, growing together into- a cylinder. Pistil .- germen 

 within the calix, inferior to the corolla, hirsute ; style simple, 

 erect, length of the corolla; stigma oblong, two-parted, 

 spreading. Pericarp : none. Calix .- unchanged. Seed : single, 

 oblong, almost the length of the calix, covered with a wool 

 resembling down, in the manner of a pappus. Receptacle : 

 naked. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : two-leaved, one- 

 flowered, prismatic. Corolla : one-petalled, regular. Seed: 

 one, below the corolla, woolly. The species are, 



1. Corymbium Scabrum. Leaves lanceolate, channelled, 

 nerved, recurved, smooth, shorter than the stem. It rises 

 with an erect rough stalk about a foot high, with a single leaf 

 at each joint, which half embraces the stalk ; the upper part 

 of which divides into several peduncles, which are terminated 

 by purple flowers. Native of the Cape. Corymbium should 

 be propagated by seeds, sown in a small pot filled with light 

 earth as soon as ever they arrive from abroad ; the pots should 

 be plunged into a bed of tanner's bark, where the heat is 

 nearly spent, and covered with a common frame in winter. 



