376 



C R A 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



C R A 



This and the sixth species are inhabitants of the green-house, 

 and grow freely from cuttings. 



6. Crainbe Strigosa; Rough-leaved Shrubby Colewort. 

 Frutescent : leaves at the base unequal, two-eared, sti-igose. 

 It is a rugged shrub ; stem erect, round, loosely branched, 

 ash-coloured, the height of a man ; flowers pedicelled, erect, 

 white. It flowers in May and June, and was found in the 

 Canary Islands by Masson. 



Cranberry. See Vaccinium. 



Crane's-bill. See Erodium, Geranium, and Pelargonium. 



Cranichis ; a genus of the class Gynandria, order Dian- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : spathes wandering ; 

 perianth none. Corolla : petals five, oblong, subhorizontal ; 

 the three outer, (or two upper lateral, and one anterior,) 

 ovate, lanceolate, equal, spreading, the two inner anterior 

 scarcely smaller, more slender, ovate-lanceolate, erect ; 

 nectary or upper petal (between the outer superior petals) 

 galeate or vaulted erect, ovate, gibbous, slightly keeled, 

 entire at the tip, often bifid at the base, dotted within, cover- 

 ing and embracing the genitals behind. Stamina : anther* 

 two or four, pedicelled, placed on the apex of the style, 

 turned towards the helmet, with an upright two-celled lid, 

 fastened to the column of the style in front, they are covered 

 at the back. Pistil : germen obvate, oblique, inferior ; 

 style an erect column, shorter than the helmet, dilated at the 

 tip, obtuse, bearing the stamina at the back ; stigma funnel- 

 form between the column of the style and the lid of the 

 stamina. Pericarp : capsule oblong or obovate, attenuated 

 at the base, three-cornered, three-keeled, one-celled, opening 

 under the ribs, cohering at the tip and base. Seeds : numer- 

 ous, very small, like sand or saw dust, affixed to a columnar 

 receptacle. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Nectary : galeated. 

 The species, which are all natives of Jamaica, are, 



1. Cranichis Aphylla. Bulbs in bundles, columnar, acute ; 

 scape almost naked ; petals converging. 



2. Cranichis Oligantha. Bulbs in bundles, club-shaped ; 

 leaves petioled, oblong, acuminate, shining : scape almost 

 naked ; spike filiform ; petals converging. 



3. Cranichis Diphylla. Bulbs in bundles, filiform, naked ; 

 leaves petioled, cordate, acuminate, twin ; scape almost naked. 



4. Granichis Stachyodes. Bulbs in bundles, columnar, 

 obtuse ; leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate ; scape sheathed ; 

 spike columnar ; petals revolute. 



5. Cranichus Muscosa. Bulbs filiform, in bundles, tomen- 

 tose ; root-leaves petioled, ovate ; stem-leaves sheathed ; 

 nectary dotted within, 



Craniolaria ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth infe- 

 rior, four-leaved ; leaflets linear, short, spreading, permanent ; 

 perianth superior, ovate, inflated, large, cut lengthways on 

 one side. Corolla: one-petalled, unequal ; tube very long, 

 very narrow, border flat, two-lipped, upper lip entire, round- 

 ish, like the other divisions, but larger ; lower lip three- 

 oleft, divisions roundish, the middle one wider. Stamina : 

 filamenta four, length of the tube of the corolla, of which 

 two are somewhat shorter ; antherrc simple. Pistil : ger- 

 men ovate ; style thread-form, length of the tube of the 

 corolla ; stigma thickish, obtuse. Pericarp : coriaceous, 

 ovate, sharp on both sides, two-valved, Seed: nut woody, 

 depressed, sharpened on both sides, with a bent two parted 

 point, mnrked on each side with three-toothed furrows, (of 

 the figure of a quadruped's skull,) two-cleft on the 

 ESHBNTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : double of the flower. 

 Perianth: four-leaved. Spathe : one-leaved. Corolla : tube 



very long. Capsule : the same as in Martynia. The only 



known species is, 



1. Craniolaria Annua. Leaves cordate angled ; outer 

 calix two-leaved. This is an annual plant, two feet high ; the 

 whole of it villose, and extremely viscid. Branches dieho- 

 tomous, round, thick ; flowers handsome, but without scent, 

 hirsute ; calix green ; corolla white, with three large dark 

 purple spots at the bottom of the throat ; nut black, abiding 

 SOUK- days after the pericarp has fallen, not opening, or even 

 separable with considerable force, though it appears to be 

 four-valved. The throat of the corolla, which is clammier 

 than any part of the plant, generally contains great numbers 

 of small flies, which are attracted by the honey juice, and 

 killed by being entangled in it. The root, which is brown 

 without but white within, round, fleshy, thick, has a SAVCI 

 taste, and is eaten fresh with milk, or preserved with sugar. 

 It is used in the Spanish West Indies for the same purpose as 

 that of Scorzonera is in Europe, and is called by the same 

 name. Native of New Spain, near Carthagena. 



Cranzia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five-parted, 

 small, permanent ; parts ovate, acute, concave, spreading. 

 Corolla : petals five, oblong, sessile, erect, bluntish, chan- 

 nelled, vaulted at top, keeled behind the tip, shrivelling. 

 Stamina : filamenta five, broader at the base, three-sided, 

 subulate at the tip, erect, opposite to, and longer than the 

 petals ; antherae roundish, incumbent. Pistil : germen sub- 

 globular five-lobed, each lobe scored with a longitudinal 

 groove ; style cylindric, thicker in the middle, grooved lon- 

 gitudinally, scarcely longer than the germen ; stigma three- 

 lobed, obtuse, truncate, capitate. Pericarp . berry angular- 

 globose, acuminate, dotted on the outside, one-celled. Seeds. 

 three to nine, kidney-form, oblong, full of pits. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix : five parted. Petals : five. Nectary .- 



none. Berry ; a berried capsule. The only species 



known is, 



1. Cranzia Aculeata. A prickly shrub ; leaves ternate, 

 with pellucid dots ; flowers panicled, axillary ; fruit dotted 

 like the Orange. Native of the East Indies. See Sco- 

 poOa. 



Craspedia . a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia Segregata. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 imbricate ; florets in a few depressed bundles ; perianth par- 

 tial none. Corolla: compound tubular; corollets hermaphro- 

 dite. Stamina: filamenta five ; antherae cylindric. Pericarp: 

 none. Seeds : with a feathered down. Receptacle : chaffv. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calicle ; none. Calix : imbricate. 

 Florets : in depressed bundles, all hermaphrodite, tubular. 



Down; feathered. Receptacle : chaffy. The only known 



species is, 



1. Craspedia Uniflora. Native of New Zealand. 



Crassula ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Penta- 

 gyniu. (lEN'KRic CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 five-cleft ; divisions lanceolate, channelled, concave, < 

 acute, converging into a tube, permanent. Corolla : petals 

 five ; claws long, linear, straight, converging, connected at 

 the base with the ovate bractes at the border, reflex-expand- 

 ing ; nectaries five, each with a very small emargimite scale, 

 annexed outwardly to the base of the germen. Stamina : 

 filamenta five, subulate, length of the tube, inserted into the 

 claws of the corolla ; anthene simple. Pistil: germen five, 

 oblong, acuminate, ending in subulate styles the length of the 

 stamina , stigmas obtuse. Pericarp .- capsules five, oblong, 

 acuminate, straight, compressed, gaping inwards lengthwise, 

 many, small. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : 

 one-leafed, five-cleft. Petals : five ; nectareous scales, five 

 at the base of the gennen. Capsule : five, many-seeded. 

 The species are, 



