382 



C R A 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



C R A 



succeeding autumn lor handsome hedges at four feet high. 

 If plants of a larger size be desired, they must be removed 

 once more, and will be six feet high in three years. Quick 

 thus removed, and planted out at large, will make an almost 

 immediate fence, and be a great saving, wherever fencing is 

 expensive. 



10. Crataegus Monogynia ; Single-styled Crataegus. Leaves 

 subtrifid, acute ; lobes spreading, quite entire below ; flowers 

 one-styled. Trunk ascending, round, very much branched ; 

 liark smooth. This is supposed by some to be our English 

 White-thorn described above : but as Linneus thought other- 

 wise, and Mr. Lyons observes, that the style, though simple 

 at first, is afterwards divided into two ; and Dr. Withering 

 also observed two styles in one plant ; their opinion has been 

 preferred before that of their opponents. 



11. Crataegus Azarolus ; Parsley-leaved Hawthorn, or Aza- 

 role. Leaves obtuse, subtrifid, somewhat toothed. It has a 

 .strong stem twenty feet high, having many strong irregular 

 branches, covered with a light coloured bark. The flowers 

 come out in small clusters from the side of the branches, and 

 are like those of the common Hawthorn, but much larger ; 

 as is also the fruit, which, when fully ripe, has an agreeable 

 acid taste, and is much esteemed. Native of the south of 

 Europe, and of the Levant. 



12. Crataegus Maura. Leaves oblong, toothed at the end ; 

 bark ash-coloured, no spines ; flowers in branched corymbs, 

 resembling those of the common Hawthorn. Native of 

 Barbary. 



13. Crataegus Villosa. Leaves oblong, acuminate, smooth, 

 serrate ; flowers in a compound umbel ; styles two ; fruit 

 villose. Native of Japan. 



14. Crataegus Laevis. Leaves ovate, acuminate, smooth, 

 serrate ; flowers in an almost simple umbel. Stem smooth ; 

 flowers terminating, spreading very much ; peduncles capil- 

 lary, callous, an inch long ; perianth only half the length of 

 corolla. Native of Japan. 



15. Crataegus Glabra. Leaves oblong, acute, smooth, ser- 

 rate ; flowers in a compound panicle ; branches and branch- 

 lets subverticilled, striated, smooth, spreading. Native of 

 Japan. 



16. Crataegus Cordata ; Maple-leaved Hawthorn. Thorny : 

 leaves cordate-ovate, gash-angled, smooth ; petioles and 

 calices without glands ; flowers five-styled. It rises with a 

 strong woody stem about four feet high, sending out many 

 spreading branches, which incline to a horizontal position ; 

 flowers smaller than those of the Common Hawthorn ; fruit 

 an oblate spheroid, scarlet, the size of a red currant. It 

 flowers the latest of the genus. Native of North America. 



17. Crataegus Pyrifolia. Thorny, or unarmed : leaves ovate, 

 elliptic, gash-serrate, somewhat plaited and hirt ; calices a 

 little villose ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, serrate; flowers three- 

 styled. Native of North America. 



18. CratregusElliptica, Thorny : leaves elliptic, unequally 

 serrate, smooth ; petioles and calices glandular ; berries glo- 

 bular, five-seeded. Native of North America. 



19. Crataegus Glandulosa ; Hollow-leaved Hawthorn. 

 Thorny: leaves obovate-wedge-form, angular, smooth, glit- 

 tering ; petioles, stipules, and calices glandular ; berries oval, 

 five-seeded. It has very stout thorns : it flowers in May and 

 June. Native of North America. 



20. Crataegus Flava ; Yellow Pear-berried Hawthorn. 

 Thorny : leaves obovate-wedge-form, angular, smooth, glit- 

 tering ; petioles, stipules, and calices glandular ; berries 

 turbinate, four-seeded. There are often small leaves on the 

 thorns, which are slender, and a little bent in at the end. 

 It flowers in May ; and is a native of North America. 



21. Cratasgus Parviflora ; Gooseberry-leaved Hawthorn. 

 Thorny : leaves, wedge-form-ovate, gashed serrate ; calicine 

 leaflets gashed, the length of the fruit ; flowers five-stvled. 

 It is a humble shrub, seldom rising more than six or seven 

 feet high, sending out a great number of slender branches, 

 interwoven and armed with very long, slender, sharp thorns; 

 the flowers are produced at the end of the branches ; the 

 fruit is smaller than that of the common Hawthorn, and is of 

 an herbaceous yellow colour when ripe. It flowers in May 

 and June ; and is generally known by the name of Lord Islay's 

 Hawthorn. Native of America. 



22. CrataJgtis Sanguinea. Thorny : leaves seven-angled, 

 serrate, produced at the base ; petioles submarginate. Height 

 often extending to two or three fathoms ; trunk the thickness 

 of the human arm or thigh, very much branched from the 

 bottom, and spreading ; flowers in corymbs at tl-.e ends of all 

 the branchlets, and so abundant that the tree is very hand- 

 some when in flower and fruit. It flowers at the end of May. 

 The fruit is large, very red, subglobular, two-celled, two or 

 four-seeded, and ripens at the end of August, and after the 

 first frosts becomes very eatable. Native of Siberia, probably 

 the same as that of Kamtschatka. 



23. Crataegus Bibas. Unarmed : leaves lanceolate, ser- 

 rate, tomentose ; racemes terminating, hispid. It is a mid- 

 dle-sized tree, with spreading branches ; leaves unequally 

 serrate, scattered, on short petioles ; flowers white, in large 

 bunches ; styles two ; fruit middle-sized, pear-shaped, yellow, 

 lanuginose, of a sweet acid flavour, juicy, eatable ; the skin 

 thin ; the pulp white, one celled, containing two or three 

 seeds. Cultivated in abundance about Macao and Canton, 

 in China. 



Crateva ; a genus of the class Dodecandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, four-cleft, deciduous, flat at the base ; divisions 

 spreading, ovate unequal. Corolla . petals four, oblong, 

 bent down to the same side ; claws slender, length of the 

 calix, inserted into the divisions. Stamina : filamenta six- 

 teen, or more, bristle-form, declining to the side opposite the 

 petals, shorter than the corolla ; antherae erect, oblong. 

 Pistil: germen on a very long filiform pedicel, ovate ; style 

 none ; stigma sessile, headed. Pericarp : fleshy, globose, 

 very large, pedicelled, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds : many, 

 roundish, eniarginute, nestling. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix : four-cleft. Corolla -. three-petalled. Berry .- one-celled, 

 many-seeded. All the plants of this genus are propagated 

 by seeds, which must be procured from the places where 

 they naturally grow, and must be sown upon a good hot-bed 

 in the spring. When the plants are fit to remove, let them 

 be transplanted each into a small pot of light kitchen-garden 

 earth, and plunged into a hot-bed of tanner's bark, shading 

 them every day from the sun, until they have taken fresh 

 root, and watering them sparingly in winter. For further 

 particulars, see the directions under the genus Annona, which 

 equally relate to these plants. The species are, 



1. Crateva Gynutidru ; Thin-leaved Crateva. Uuarmed : 

 leaflets ovate, quite entire : flowers gynandrous ; trunk more 

 than twelve feet high ; branches spreading, round, unequal; 

 leaves alternate ; flowers rather large, purple. It has a burn- 

 ing taste, and nauseous smell. It Bowers in May and June ; 

 and is a native of Jamaica, in dry coppices near the sea. 



2. Crateva Tapia ; Smooth Crateva, or Garlic Pear. Un- 

 armed : leafletsovate, acuminate ; petals ovate-roundish, blunt 

 gennina globular. Trunk very large, rising to more than thirty 

 feet high ; leaves all smooth, of a light green on the upper 

 side, but pale underneath, and their edges entire. The fruit 

 is about the size of an orange, having a hard brown shell or 



