394 



C R U 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL , 



C R U 



terminating, elongated. Branches round, proliferous, scaly 

 with meal, and ash-coloured at top. Observed by Dahl in 

 Hainam. 



47. Croton Betulinum. Leaves ovate-obtuse, crenate, 

 toothed, rugged, with dots on the upper surface, somewhat 

 rough with hairs underneath ; racemes axillary. This has the 

 appearance of Betula or Birch : branches round, with a pur- 

 plish bark, tomentose-hoary at the end ; flowers small, 

 rough with hairs. Native of the island of St. Thomas in the 

 West Indies. 



48. Croton Gossypifolium. Leaves cordate, three-lobed ; 

 tomentose, biglandular at the base underneath ; stem arbo- 

 reous. This is a tall tree, with round branches, tomentose 

 and hoary at top ; leaves alternate, heaped, towards the end 

 of the branches ; flowers copious, scattered males intermixed 

 with females. Native of the island of Trinidad. 



49. Croton Procumbens. Leaves wedge-shaped, acute, 

 quite entire. This plant is shrubby, inodorous, smooth, 

 three feet high; the stems partly procumbent, partly erect ; 

 leaves petioled, alternate, two inches long ; flowers small 

 and green. Common at Carthagena. 



50. Croton Niveum. Leaves cordate, acuminate, serru- 

 late, tomentose, shining beneath ; stem shrubby. It is ten 

 feet high, erect, having a pleasant aromatic smell through all 

 parts of it ; corolla white. Native of Carthagena. 



51. Croton Polygamum. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, thinly 

 set with decumbent hairs. This is an upright shrub, four 

 feet high, but little subdivided ; branches round, smooth, 

 ash-coloured ; flowers whitish, inodorous, hermaphrodite, 

 male and female on the same or different plants. It flowers 

 in June and July. Native of Carthagena. 



52. Croton Cyanospermum. Calix five-leaved, small, 

 turned back below the capsule, which is globular, smooth, 

 very obscurely three-grooved, three-celled, tricoccous. The 

 Ceylonese call it lyan-gheddie. This and the next species 

 are very doubtful. Native of Ceylon. 



53. Croton Cardiospermum. Capsule globular, terminated 

 by a three-sided three-tubercled point, smooth, without any 

 groove, tricoccous ; rind corky, thick, opening into six parts 

 from the base ; shells the substance of paper, elastic, white, 

 ovate. This the Ceylonese call kebella and kebbele. Native 

 of Ceylon. 



Crow Berry. See Empetrum. 



Crowfoot. See Ranunculus. 



Crow Garlic. See Attium. 



Crown Imperial. See Fritillaria. 



Crucianella ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth two- 

 leaved, inferior ; leaflets lanceolate, slightly keeled, acumi- 

 nate, stiff, converging, compressed. Corolla .- one-petalled, 

 funnel-form ; tube cylindric, filiform, longer than the calix ; 

 border four-cleft ; divisions tailed, with the points inflex. 

 Stamina : filamenta four, placed in the mouth of the tube ; 

 antherae simple. Pistil : germen compressed, between the 

 calix and corolla ; style two-cleft, filiform, length of the tube ; 

 stigmas two, obtuse, oblong. Pericarp : capsules two, con- 

 nate. Seeds : solitary, oblong. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix .' 'two-leaved ; involucre two or three leaved, chaffy. 

 Corolla : one-petalled, funnel-form, with a filiform tube, and 



tailed border. Seeds -. two, linear, inferior, naked, bald. 



The species are, 



1. Crucianella Angustifolia ; Narrow-leaved Crucianella. 

 Erect : leaves in sixes, linear ; flowers in spikes. It has se- 

 veral upright stalks, which rise a foot high.havingsixor seven 

 very narrow leaves in whorls at each joint. The flowers 

 grow in close spikes at the top and from the sides of the 



branches ; they are small, white, not longer than the calix, 

 and not remarkable for beauty. They appear in June and 

 July, and ripen seeds in autumn. Native of the south of 

 France, and Italy. This species, as well as the second, fifth, 

 and sixth, are preserved in some gardens for the sake of va- 

 riety. If the seeds be sown on a bed of light earth early in 

 the spring, where they are designed to remain, they will re- 

 quire no other culture, but to thin them where they are too 

 close, and keep them clean from weeds ; or, if the seeds be 

 permitted to scatter, the plants will come up in the spring, 

 and require no other treatment. 



2. Crucianella Latifolia ; Broad-leaved Crucianella. Pro- 

 cumbent : leaves in fours, lanceolate ; flowers in spikes. 

 This is an annual plant, sending out several branching stalks 

 from the roots, which lie prostrate. The flowers are pro- 

 duced in long spikes, at the extremities of the branches ; 

 they are very small, and make no great appearance. It flow- 

 ers in June and July ; and is a native of the south of France, 

 and the islands of the Archipelago. 



3. Crucianella /Egyptiaca ; /Egyptian Crucianella. Leaves 

 in fours, sublinear ; flowers in spikes, five-cleft. Annual : 

 stems not at all woody, a palm in height, at first erect, then 

 spreading at the root, diffused or prostrate ; flowers hirsute, 

 longer than the bractes, yellowish white, five-cleft, and 

 awned. Native of Egypt. 



4. Crucianella Patula ; Spreading Crucianella. Diffused : 

 leaves in sixes ; flowers scattered. It is an annual plant ; and 

 a native of Spain. 



5. Crucianella Maritima ; Sea Crucianella. A procumbent 

 undershrub : leaves in fours, mucronate ; flowers opposite, 

 five-cleft. Root perennial ; stems woody, about a foot long, 

 branched, leafy their whole length ; flowers trist, yellowish 

 colour, closed in the day, opening in the night, and of a 

 strong smell. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Si- 

 cily. It flowers in June and July ; but will not ripen its 

 seeds in England when the autumn is unfavourable. 



6. Crucianella Monspeliaca ; Montpellier Crucianella. Pro- 

 cumbent : leaves acute, those on the stem in fours, and 

 ovate, on the branches about five, and linear ; flowers in 

 spikes. Root annual, creeping ; plant small, glaucous all 

 over ; stems thickish, diffused ; spikes five or six inches long, 

 slender and variegated. Native of the south of France, about 

 Montpellier and Vienne, and also found in Palestine. 



7. Crucianella Hispida. Stem hispid; leaves lanceolate, 

 hirsute, opposite; flowers urabelled, terminating. This 

 plant has four-cornered, rough, prickly stalks, which bend 

 downwards. The flowers arc produced in small clusters at 

 the ends of the branches ; the corolla is blue, and cut into 

 four parts at the top. Native of La Vera Cruz. 



8. Crucianella Americana. Leaves linear-lanceolate, hir- 

 sute, opposite ; stem erect, villose ; flowers solitary, axillary. 

 This rises with a shrubby branching stalk, nearly three feet 

 high, with narrow lanceolate leaves, covered with stinging 

 hairs; flowers pale blue. Native of La Vera Cruz. 



9. CrucianellaPubescens. Erect: leaves generally in sixes, 

 linear pubescent ; heads of flowers peduncle!, axillary and 

 terminal. Whole plant hoary-pubescent ; flowers purple. 

 Native of Canada. 



10. Crucianella Capitata. Procumbent, suffruticose : K 



in sixes, sublinear; flowers in heads, live-cleft. Hoot peren- 

 nial, horizontal, strong, woody ; stem suffruticose, weak, 

 naked at bottom ; branches filiform ; leaves usually six to- 

 gether, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rugged, rolled back on the 

 sides, on the fruit-bearing branches remote, on the others 

 approximating ; flowers dark-coloured ; border of the corolla 

 five-cleft, the segments bent in, and having a claw at the tip ; 



