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THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



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cles, and nodding ; fruit an oval capsule resembling a berry, 

 almost as large as a small black cherry, very black when ripe, 

 smooth, shining, soft, and full of pulp. Mr. Miller asserts, 

 that the berries of this plant are as poisonous as those of the 

 Atrapa, or Deadly Nightshade, itself. It, is a native of Ger- 

 many, Flanders, France, Switzerland, Carniola, Italy, and 

 Spain, and is found in woods and hedges ; it has only been 

 noticed in one place in Great Britain, being found in the isle 

 of Anglesea, by Mr. Foulkes ofLlandeber, nearRuthin; other 

 botanists, however, have sought for it in vain. It delights in 

 shade, and will thrive in almost any soil, but multiplies too 

 fast by its creeping roots. 



2. Cucubalus Behen ; Bladder Campion, or Spatting 

 Poppy. Calices subglobular, smooth, netted-veined ; cap- 

 sules three-celled ; corollas almost naked ; root perennial, 

 woody, yellow on the outside, white within . Plant generally 

 free from hairs ; stem decumbent at the base, branched, and 

 diehotomous near the summit, round, green or red, afoot or 

 eighteen inches in height, the joints large ; leaves below the 

 forkings of the stem connate, frequently tinged with purple ; 

 flowers some solitary at the divisions of the stem, others 

 crowded at the ends of the branches, some on long pedun- 

 cles, nodding ; calix inflated, longer than the claws of the 

 petals, veined with green or brownish purple, but sometimes 

 without veins ; petals white, cleft beyond the middle, distant, 

 the segments frequently slightly serrulate. This species 

 varies with broader and narrower leaves, smooth and hairy ; 

 also with a double flower. It is a native of almost every part 

 of Europe, in corn-fields and dry pastures, flowering in June, 

 July, and August. Schreber says, that cattle reject it ; but 

 Linneus informs us, that horses, cows, sheep, and goats eat 

 it ; and that in Gothland they apply the herb externally in 

 erysipetalous eruptions. The boiled leaves have something 

 of the flavour of peas, and proved of great use to the inhabit- 

 ants of Minorca, in the year 1685, when a swarm of locusts 

 had destroyed the harvest : it is frequently called white corn 

 campion, and white bottle. It is a rambling weed, and sel- 

 dom cultivated ; the root strikes so deep into the ground as 

 not to be easily destroyed by the plough, and hence it is 

 frequently growing in bunches among the corn. 



3. Cucubalus Fabarius ; Bean Campion. Leaves obovate, 

 fleshy ; root biennial, putting out many succulent leaves near 

 the ground, out of the middle of which arises an upright stalk, 

 about fifteen inches high, the lower part of which has leaves 

 of the same form and consistence as those at the bottom, but 

 smaller ; these are placed opposite : the upper part of the 

 stidk divides into two smaller, on which stand a few small her- 

 baceous flowers at eachjoint : it flowers in June, and sometimes 

 ripens seeds in Autumn. It was discovered in the Levant by 

 Tournefort ; and is a native of Sicily. This is a biennial plant, 

 generally perishing when it has produced seeds ; and unless 

 it be sown upon very dry rubbish, and in a warm situation, 

 it will not survive an English winter. 



4. Cucubalus Viscosus ; Clammy Campion. Flowers la- 

 teral, every way decumbent ; stem undivided ; leaves reflex 

 at the base ; root biennial ; root-leaves narrow, lanceolate, 

 almost smooth, acuminate ; stem-leaves broader, clasping, 

 viscid, villose, somewhat waved, reflex at the base, not on 

 the sides ; peduncles opposite, short, three-flowered. The 

 flowers are decumbent ; not all turning one way, as in most of 

 the species, but nodding every way, and smelling sweet at night. 

 Native of the Levant, Italy, Carniola, and Sweden. Lin- 

 neus observes, that this is one of the many plants common to 

 Sweden and Mount Ararat, as vre find from Tournefort's 

 collections. 



5. Cucubalus Stellatus ; Four-leaved Canfion. Leaves 



in fours. This plant has a perennial root, from which arise 

 two or three slender upright stalks, about a foot high, their 

 lower part having four leaves at each joint, placed in the 

 form of a cross. The flowers appear in June, and in wann 

 seasons the seeds will ripen in England. Native of Virginia 

 and Canada. 



6. Cucubalus jEgyptiacus ; Egyptian Campion. Flowers 

 erect ; petals emarginate, retroflex, with a toothlet on each 

 side. Stem weak, branching, spread upon the ground ; leaves 

 linear, not smooth, the younger ones ciliate at the base ; 

 flowers axillary, solitary, sessile ; calix cylindric, in the fruit 

 obovate, ten-cornered, with the interstices membranaceous, 

 and the teeth small ; petals minute, hardy, longer than the 

 calix ; styles often four. Found by Hasselquist in Egypt. 



7. Cucubalus Italicus ; Italian Campion. Petals semi bifid ; 

 calices club-shaped ; panicle diehotomous, erect ; stamina 

 and pistils declined. Stem erect, about two feet high, viscid, 

 hoary, especially at bottom, with a scarcely visible cotton: 

 flowers on peduncles, erect ; calices club-shaped, marked 

 with ten grooves; petals broadish, white, beneath lead-colour. 

 Retzius considers our Dover Campion as a variety of this, 

 not being able to distinguish the one from the other. This is 

 indeed more tender and delicate ; that of Dover stiffer, larger, 

 and hardier, the petals somewhat deeper cloven, and not 

 stained underneath as the Italian is ; although he does 

 not regard these differences as sufficient to constitute a 

 distinct species, and therefore regards them as varieties. 

 Mr. Miller says that the root is perennial ; the corolla pale 

 red ; and that it flowers in May and June, and ripens seeds 

 in autumn. Native of Italy. This, with the eighth, ninth, 

 tenth, and twelfth species, is propagated by seeds which 

 should be sown where the plants are intended to remain; 

 for as they send out long tap-toots, they do not bear trans- 

 planting, unless it be performed while the plants are young. 



8. Cucubalus Tataricus; Hyssop-leaved Campion. Petals 

 two-parted ; flowers in one row, decumbent ; peduncles 

 opposite, solitary, erect ; stem entirely simple. Perennial , 

 flowering from June to August. Native of Siberia. 



9. Cucubalus Sibiricus ; Siberian Campion. Petals emar- 

 ginate ; flowers subverticilled ; whorls umbellate, leaflless. It 

 is perennial ; and flowers in August. Native of Italy and 

 Silesia. 



10. Cucubalus Catholicus ; Panicled Campion. Petals 

 two-parted ; flowers panicled ; staminalong ; leaves lanceolate- 

 ovate. It is a perennial plant, sending out many long leaves 

 near the ground ; between these arise round viscid stalks, 

 three feet high, having at each joint two long narrow leaves, 

 ending in acute points ; flowers in a nodding panicle ; calix 

 ventricose, inflated, not sinuated or angular ; petals white, 

 anthera; reddish ; styles white ; capsule subglobular. It 

 flowers in July and August, and is a native of Italy, Sicily, 

 and Silesia. Dillenius's Lychnis nocturna non viscosa, is a 

 variety of this. It is a perennial ; stem two feet high, round 

 smooth, purplish towards the top, glaucous ; towards the 

 middle and upper part come out branches in pairs, of a pur- 

 plish green colour, dividing into others that are similar, which 

 put forth flowers in June and July. The root-leaves at 

 many, oblong, narrow, smooth, and without veins. 



11. Cucubalus Mollissimus ; I elect Campion. Petals half 

 two-parted ; panicle diehotomous ; stem and leaves soft like 

 velvet ; root-leaves spatulate. Stems many, rather stiff, 

 erect, a foot high, somewhat tomentose, very soft ; branches 

 at bottom alternate, shorter ; lower leaves spatulate, the 

 rest lanceolate ; flowers white, erect ; stamina the length of 

 the calix ; perennial and shrubby. Native of the sea-coasts 

 of Italy. 



