414 



C Y L 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C Y N 



pots in which it is sown should be placed under a common 

 hot-bed frame, where they may be protected from frost and 

 hard rains, but the glasses may be taken off every day in 

 mild weather, to admit tire fresh air. This species is more 

 impatient of cold than any of the others, and must be con- 

 stantly preserved in pots filled with light sandy earth, or a 

 mixture of loam and lime rubbish, and housed in winter, but 

 should be placed near the glasses, where the plants may 

 enjoy as much free open air as possible, when the weather 

 will permit, for if they be crowded too closely under other 

 plants, they are very subject to mould and rot. 



4. Cyclamen Hederaefolium ; hy-leavedCyclamen. Leaves 

 cordate, angular, toothletted. Root large, orbicular, com- 

 pressed ; leaves numerous, on petioles six or seven inches 

 long, marked with bluck in the middle ; the flowers appear 

 before them on long fleshy scapes in August or September. 

 Soon after, the leaves come out, continue growing all the 

 winter and spring till May, when they begin to decay, and 

 in June are entirely dried up. There are two varieties of this 

 species, one with white, and the other with a purplish flower. 

 Native of Italy. 



5. Cyclamen Indicum. Border of the corolla nodding. 

 It differs only in having the divisions of the corolla not re- 

 flected but hanging down, and the whole corolla being much 

 larger than in the European species. Native of Ceylon. 



Cyclas ; a genus of the class Decandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed; 

 tube short, turbinate ; border four-parted, patulous ; seg- 

 ments ovate-oblong, acute. Corolla : none. Stamina : 

 iilamenta ten, capillary, inserted into the neck of the calix, 

 and longer; anthera: ovate. Piitil : germen ovate-oblontr, 

 villose, pedicelled ; style capillary, flexuose ; stigma obtuse. 

 Pericarp .- legume roundish, depressed, wrinkled, surrounded 

 by an orbicular, membranaceous, broad, waving wing, one- 

 celled, not opening. Seed.- single, kidney-form. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix : four-parted, spreading, with a 

 short turbinate tube. Corolla : none. Filamenta : inserted 

 into the neck of the calix. Style: flexuose. Legume: roundish, 

 winged, one-seeded. The species are, 



1. Cyclas Spicata. Leaves pinnate. The trunk of this 

 tree is from thirty to forty feet high, and a foot and half in 

 diameter; the bark is gray and smooth, and the wood whitish; 

 it has several large boughs at top spreading in all directions ; 

 leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; stipules in pairs at the 

 base of the common petiole ; flowers in long spikes, axillary 

 and terminating, on short pedicels. Native of the great 

 forests of Guiana, flowering there in November, and fruiting 

 in January. The Caribbee name is apalatoua. 



2. Cyclas Aromatica. Leaves ovate. The trunk of this 

 tree is from forty to fifty feet high, and more, and about two 

 feet in diameter; bark gray; branches very numerous, spread- 

 ing in every direction ; leaves alternate, large, stiff, ovate, 

 acute, smooth, quite entire The wood is light, and a little 

 aromatic. The Caribbees call this tree moutouchiraou. It 

 is a native of marshy places in the great forests of Guiana, 

 where it flowers in December, and fruits in May. 



Cylistai a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 four-parted, very large, permanent, the upper division reflex, 

 bifid, the rest erect, oblong, acute. Corolla : papilionaceous, 

 a little longer than the calix, and permanent; banner roundish, 

 emarginate, with a small lobe on each side of the base; wings 

 oblong, obtuse, shorter than the banner, with a process on 

 each side of the base ; keel oblong, cleft at top and bottom, 

 longer than the wings. Stamina : filamenta diadelphous, 

 (simple and nine-cleft) ascending ; anthera: roundish. Pit- 



til : germen superior, ovate, compressed ; style subulate, 

 ascending; stigma subcapitate. -Pericarp, legume ovate- 

 oblong, compressed, one-celled. Seeds: two, oval. ESSKN- 

 TIAI, CHARACTER. Calix : very large, four-parted, the 



upper division cleft at the end. Corolla : permanent. 



The only known species is, 



1. CylistaVillosa; Hairy Cylista. A shrub, and requires 

 the heat of a stove to preserve it ; flowering in April and 

 May. Native country unknown. 



Cymbachne ; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Mo- 

 no3cia. GENERIC CHAHACTKK. Hermaphrodite Flowers. Calix : 

 glume two-valved, one-flowered, so placed that each valve 

 is pressed close to the rachis and parallel, not one hid by 

 the other ; outer valve linear, blunt, ciliate at the back ; 

 inner equal in length, semiovate, acute, boat-shaped, very 

 much compressed, striated, coloured, ciliate at the back, in- 

 closing the corolla. Corolla ; two-glumed, hyaline, smaller 

 than the calix. Stamina : filamenta three ; antherae black. 

 Pistil : germen minute; style simple ; stigmas two, black- 

 bearded. Female Flowers. Calix : one-valved, ovate, slightly 

 bifid at the tip, ciliate at the edge, opposite to the rachis, 

 pressed close. Corolla : none. Pislil : as in the herma- 

 phrodite, but with longer stigmas. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Inflorescence : half-spiked. Hermaphrodite -. Calix : two- 

 glumed, one-flowered, parallel to the rachis ; outer valve 

 linear, the opposite boat-form. Female. Calij: : one-glumed, 

 ovate, opposite to the rachis. The only known specie's is, 



1. Cymbachne Ciliata. This is a slender grass, a foot in 

 height, with several culms, simple or branched, with a single 

 leaf or leafless ; leaf short, slender, ciliate on the edge above 

 the sheath with long separate hairs ; sheath truncate, with 

 a pale brown mouth, and ciliate ; spikes two, terminating, 

 linear, an inch and half long, a line broad, some hermaphro- 

 dite, others female Native of Bengal. 



Cymbaria ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth ten-tooth- 

 ed, erect ; two opposite teeth stronger and more spreading'; 

 the rest erect, linear, permanent. Corolla . one-petalled, 

 ringent ; tube oblong, bellied ; border two-lipped, upper lip 

 two-parted, reflex, obtuse, lower lip three-cleft, obtuse. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta four, length of the tube ; antherae two-cleft, 

 prominent. Pistil : germen ovate ; style filiform, length of 

 the stamina ; tip incurved ; stigma obtuse. Pericarp .- cap- 

 sule ovate, one-celled, two-valved ; receptacle quadrangular. 

 Seeds : very many, cornered, smooth. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Calix: ten-toothed. Capsule: cordate, two-celled. 

 The only known species is, 



1. Cymbaria Daurica. The whole plant is hoary, and nearly 

 allied to Antirrhinum ; branches opposite, barren ; flowers 

 lateral, very few, subsessile, large ; upper lip of the corolla 

 vaulted ; lower equal ; palate gibbous ; capsule marked with 

 a groove on each side. Native of the mountains of Dauria. 



Cynanchvm; (Base Dog's-bane) a genus of the class Pent- 

 andria, order Digynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: 

 perianth one-leafed, five-toothed, erect, very small, perma- 

 nent. Corolla: one-petalled ; tube scarcely any; border five- 

 parted, flat; divisions linear, long ; nectary in the centre of 

 the flower, length of the corolla, erect, cylindric, with a live- 

 cleft mouth. Stamina : filamenta five, length of the nectarv, 

 parallel ; antherae touching, within the mouth of the corolla. 

 Piitil : germen oblong, two-cleft ; style scarcely any ; stip- 

 mas two, obtuse. Pericarp : follicles two, oblong, acumi- 

 nate, one-celled, gaping lengthwise. Seeds , numerous, ob- 

 long, crowned with a down, placed in an imbricate manner. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Contorted. Nectary : cylin- 

 dric, five-toothed. These are shrubs or under shrubs, com- 





