416 



C Y N 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C Y N 



colour on the outside, and dirty purple within. It flowers 

 in July, and is a native of Carthagena in New Spain. 



11. CynanchumCapen.se; Cape Cynanchum. Stem twin- 

 ing, conform on every side ; leaves subcordate-ovate ; pe- 

 duncles many-flowered. Stem lofty, scarcely pubescent, 

 event at top, by no means cork-barked ; leaves petioled, mu- 

 cronate, even ; the younger ones ovate, the more advanced 

 emarginate. -Observed by Koenig and Sparrmann at theCape. 

 This and the next species must be preserved in the dry-stove, 

 and may be increased by layers, cuttings, &e. 



12. Cynanchum Obtusifolium ; Blunt-leaved Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining, herbaceous ; leaves oblong, rounded at the tip, 

 with a point; umbels lateral. First observed by Thunberg 

 ;it the Cape of Good Hope. 



13. Cynanchum Tenellum. Stem somewhat twining, 

 herbaceous ; leaves ovate-oblong. Found by Mutis in New 

 Grenada. 



14. Cynanchum Erectum ; Upright Cynanchum. Stem 

 erect, divaricated ; leaves cordate, smooth. This is a per- 

 ennial plant, which rises with slender upright stalks, about 

 three feet high ; leaves "broad, smooth, ending in points; 

 flowers axillary, in small bunches, on branching peduncles ; 

 they are small and white, greatly resembling those of the 

 common white Asclepias. Itflowers in July and August, and 

 is a native of Syria. It requires a warm situation to live 

 abroad in England ; and is propagated by parting the roots 

 oefore they shoot in the spring. 



15. Cynanchum Filiforme. Stem erect, quite simple ; 

 leaves linear ; flowers verticilled, axillary. Found by Thun- 

 berg at the Cape of Good Hope. It must be preserved in 

 the dry-stove ; and may be increased by layers, cuttings, &c. 



16. Cynanchum Crispiflorum. Stem twining; leaves under- 

 neath villose, oblong, cordate, with the sinus closed ; petals 

 curled at the end. It flowers in July ; and is a native of South 

 America and the West Indies. 



17. Cynanchum Reticulatum. Stem twining, cork-barkd 

 at bottom, and chinky ; leaves ovate, acute. Stem woody, 

 covered with a thick whitish bark ; the branches opening, 

 striated, smooth; leaves far from each other, petioled, smooth, 

 upper one lanceolate ; flowers small, hairy on the outside, 

 unequally pedicelled in peduncled axillary umbels. Ob- 

 served by Koenig in the East Indies. 



18. Cynanchum Asperum ; Rough-leaved Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining, shrubby; leaves cordate, acute, rough; 

 flowers lateral. Stem twenty feet high, or more, very slen- 

 der, and armed with small stinging hairs ; leaves broad, on 

 slender footstalks, covered underneath with rough hairs. 

 The flowers are produced in small clusters, sitting close to 

 the stalks ; they are pretty large, yellow, and star-shaped, 

 spreading open to the bottom. Native of La VeraCruz in 

 New Spain. 



19. Cynanchum Carolinense. Stem climbing, rough with 

 hairs ; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminate ; corymbs axillary ; 

 segments of the corolla oblong, obtuse. Native of Carolina. 



20. Cynanchum Rostratum ; Beak-jiowered Cynanchum. 

 Stem and petioles hirsute ; leaves cordate-oblong ; petals 

 lanceolate, flat. Stem twining, shaggy, with reversed hairs, 

 as are also the petioles : leaves two or three inches long, 

 acuminate. Found by Rohr on the island of Trinidad. 



21. Cynanchum Parviflorum; Small-flowered Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining, filiform ; leaves ovate, subulate at the end ; 

 umbels subsessile. Native of the West Indies. 



22. Cynanchum Prostratum ; Prostrate Cynanchum. 

 Stem prostrate ; leaves heart-shaped, orbiculate-acute, to- 

 mentose underneath. Stems a foot high, round, filiform, 

 branched, knotted, tomentose, subherbaceous ; leaves in pairs 



at each knot, nearly equal to the petioles, quite entire, soft, 

 glaucous underneath, having an unpleasant smell ; flowers in 

 solitary umbels ; corolla deep green, deeply parted into five 

 spreading segments, with a revolute border. Native of' 

 Mexico. 



23. Cynanchum Grandiflorum ; Great-flowered Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining; leaves heart-shaped, ovate-cuspidate, glaucous 

 underneath ; corollas coriaceous, before they expand rolled 

 up in a spiral form, but afterwards spreading very much, deep 

 green on both sides, divided into five lanceolate very sharp 

 segments, nearly an inch in length. Stem very long, cylin- 

 drical, with a rufous nap at the joints ; leaves with one 

 branching nerve; flowers in short racemes. Native of South 

 America. 



24. Cynanchum Odoratissimum ; Sweet Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining, corky, and cloven at bottom ; leaves heart- 

 shaped, acuminate, wrinkled ; cymes reflex. Stem very long, 

 round, shining, and very smooth, except at bottom, where 

 it has a bark like cork; leaves waved, smooth, on long pe- 

 tioles ; flowers yellow, very sweet-scented, in large hemi- 

 spherical, axillary, reclining cymes. This plant is not inferior 

 to the Arabian Jasmin in fragrance. It is a native of Siam 

 and Cochin-china, where the women of fashion use it to 

 adorn their hair. 



25. Cynanchum Inodorum. Stem twining, cork-barked, 

 and chinked towards the bottom ; leaves ovate-acuminate ; 

 peduncles subdivided. Root perennial ; stem long, branched ; 

 leaves smooth, opposite ; flowers numerous, small, yellow, 

 scentless ; peduncles short axillary ; corolla rather salver- 

 shaped; segments linear, longer than the tube, spreading ; 

 stigma large, sessile, ovate-oblong; follicles oblong, acumi- 

 nate, downy, curved inwards. Native of Cochin-china. 



26. Cynanchum Altissimuni . Lofty Cynanchum. Stem 

 twining; leaves heart-shaped, tomentose on both sides ; 

 flowers umbelled. This is a milky shrubby plant, climbing 

 trees to the height of fifty feet. Stems round ; when old 

 woody, smooth ash-coloured, leafless ; when young, green, 

 tomentose, leafy. Flowers thick, firm, scentless ; calices 

 greenish ash-colour; corollas dirty purple. Native of New 

 Spain, near Carthagena. 



27. Cynanchum Long! florum; Long-Jiowered Cynanchum. 

 Stem twining; leaves oblong, acute, villose ; flowers um- 

 belled ; stems round, hairy, climbing to the height of fifteen 

 feet; flowers destitute of either smell or beauty. Theunusual 

 elongation of the tube gives the flower a very different appear- 

 ance from the others. Native of Carthagena in New Spain. 



28. Cynanchum Filiforme Amerieanum. Stem twining j 

 leaves ovate-acuminate, flat, shining ; umbels globular. Steins 

 round, filiform, branched, very numerous ; flowers without 

 scent, small ; the petals and nectaries snow-white. Native 

 of Carthagena in New Spain. 



29. Cynanchum Clausum; Close-flowered Cynanchitm. 

 Stem twining ; leaves acuminate, oblong, rolled back at the 

 edge ; flowers umbelled. Stems round, smooth, numerous ; 

 flowers scentless, with snow-white corollas and nectaries. 

 Native of Carthagenn in New Spain. 



Cynara a genus of the class Syngenesin, order Polygamia 

 .(Equalis. GEXKRIC CHARACTER. Crili.i- : common ven- 

 tricose, imbricate; scales numerous, roundish, fleshy, in- 

 creased by a membranaceous sonic-formed appemlicle, 

 which is larger, roundish, channelled, and omurginated with 

 a spine. Corolla compound tubulous, uniform : corollets 

 hermaphrodite, nearly equal ; proper one-petalled, funnel- 

 forni; tube very slender; border erect, ovate, five-cleft) 

 divisions linear, one more deeply serrated. Stamina : fila- 

 menta five, capillary, very short ; antheree cylindric, tubu- 



