C Y N 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL 



C Y N 



-iiiooth, even nbout the edge. The whole of this plant i 

 verytnkooth; stem erect, a foot high, round; branches axil 

 lary, alternate, quite simple ; flowers red or violet, remote, in 

 nuked terminal racemes. Native of Portugal. Both thisanc 

 the seventh species are annual plants, commonly sown in 

 icardens, with other low annual flowers, to adorn the border: 

 nr'theflowergarden; but the seeds should be sown in autumn, 

 for those which are sown in the spring often fail, especially in 

 dry seasons ; and the autumnal plants always grow mucl 

 larger, and flower earlier. The seeds should be sown where 

 the plants are intended to remain, for they will not bear trans- 

 planting, except while they are young. The plants require 

 no other culture but to be thinned where they are too close 

 and kept clean from weeds : they flower in June and July, 

 and ripen seeds in autumn ; but the autumnal plants appear a 

 month earlier. 



7. Cynoglossum Linifolium; Flax-leaved Hound' s-tongue 

 or Venus* Navelwort. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth; 

 toothletted, and rugged about the edge. It seldom rises 

 more than live or six inches high, and the stalks do not 

 branch nearly so much as those of the preceding ; the leaves 

 are very narrow and long, and of a grayish colour; the flow- 

 ers grow in short loose panicles at the ends of the branches, 

 they are white like those of the sixth species, but smaller, 

 and have the seeds of the same form, namely, umbilicated, 

 from which circumstance they both derive the name. of Na- 

 M'Uvort. Native of Portugal. 



8. Cynoglossum Omphalodes; Comfrey -leaved Hound' s- 

 tongue. Creeping : root-leaves cordate. Root perennial ; 

 branches trailing, and putting out roots from the joints ; 

 leaves bright green, on long slender footstalks; flowers 

 shaped like those of Borage, but smaller, and of a lively blue 

 colour. It flowers from March till May in England, and 

 about Christmas in the woods of the south of Europe, of 

 which it is a native. This plant propagates very fast by its 

 trailing roots, which require to be kept within compass, on 

 this account it seldom produces seeds; it delights in a cool 

 moist situation. 



9. Cynoglossum Japonicum. Leaves oblong, villose ; stems 

 prostrate. Root annual; stems four or five, round, villose, 

 rtexuose, and erect, unequal ; flowers terminating in racemes ; 

 ealix wholly villose ; corolla purple, longer than the calix ; 

 ntyle simple, with an obtuse stigma. Native of Japan. 



10. Cynoglossum Pictum ; Painted Hound' s-tongue. Co- 

 rollas nearly equal to the calix ; segments roundish, dilated ; 

 leaves lanceolate, tomentose, the upper ones cordate at the 

 base. Leaves much shorter, softer, and more hoary than 

 those of the common sort ; stems a foot and a half in height, 

 more branched ; seeds smaller. It agrees with the common 

 species in habit, size, and manner of growth, and has therefore 

 been confounded with it by those who have not seen both : 

 it differs from it in having the leaves not narrowed but cor- 

 date at the base, and the flowers pale blue or pale purple, 

 beautifully painted with darker veins. It is a perennial, and 

 flowers in August. Mr. Miller informs us, that it grows na- 

 turally in Andalusia, and that he received the seeds from Gib- 

 raltar. Native of the south of Europe, and of Barbary, and 

 also of Madeira, where it was found by Masson. 



1 1. Cynoglossum Lanceolatum. Leaves lanceolate, drawn 

 to a point at both ends, rugged, with dots on the upper sur- 

 face. Stem herbaceous, upright, angular, rough with hairs, 

 hoary at top; lower leaves drawn out into a petiole an inch 

 in length, upper ones sessile, veiny, nerved. Native of 

 Ktrypt and Arabia. 



13. Cynoglossum Myosotoides. Arils basket-shaped, 

 smooth, striated, tubercled, toothed on the edge ; leaves 



hairy, tubercled, entire ; root-leaves spatulate-lanceolate. 

 Root perennial ; stems usually several, pipe-form, ascending, 

 scarcely half a foot high, hairy, usually simple ; leaves rough 

 next the root, petioled ; on the stem sessile, linear, lanceo- 

 late ; calix hairy, with subovate segments ; flowers in naked 

 terminal racemes, small, alternate; corolla very small, 

 scarcely longer than the calix, blue, Native of the very 

 summit of mount Lebanon. 



Cynometra ; a genus of the class Decandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth four- 

 leaved, oblong, reflex, length of the corolla. Corolla : pe- 

 tals five, lanceolate, equal, acute. Stamina -. filamenta ten, 

 twice the length of the corolla; anthera; oval, two-cleft at 

 the tip. Pistil : germen boat-form; style filiform, length of 

 the stamina; stigmas simple. Pericarp: legume crescent- 

 shaped, compressed, fleshy, tuberculate. Heed; single, kid- 

 ney-form, large. ESSEKTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : four- 

 leaved. Anthera: bifid at the tip. Legume : fleshy, cres- 

 cent-shaped, one-seeded. These trees are natives of the East 

 Indies. Their leaves are conjugated, and the peduncles 

 many-flowered. The species are, 



1. Cynometra Cauliflora. Trunk floriferous. Roots knotty 

 and large, appearing above ground, and having smaller ones 

 between them, which are curled, and look like pigs' tails; 

 trunk very irregular and short, seldom above two feet high ; 

 it is rugged, unequal, ugly, in hills and holes, covered with 

 a thick hard cloven bark, the colour of Liverwort. The flow- 

 ers come out on the trunk and large branches, and on the 

 root when above ground. The corolla is small and white. 



2. Cynometra Ramifiora. Branches floriferous. This is a 

 lofty tree, sixty feet in height ; trunk thick, solid, ash-colour- 

 ed; bark blackish, within red; branches many, ash-coloured 

 or greenish. It is always green in Malabar, and bears flow- 

 ers and fruit in August and November. 



Cynomorium ; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Mo- 

 nandria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male fluicers, dig- 

 posed in an imbricated ament with the female ones. Calii . 

 ament erect, club-shaped, on every side covered with flos- 

 cules ; perianth proper, four-leaved ; leaflets three, clavate, 

 and the fourth inferior one larger, very obtuse, channelled. 

 Corolla : none. Stamina -. filamenta single, firm, straight, 

 longer than the calicine scale; antherae twin. Female Flow- 

 ers, mixed with the males in the same plant, and scarce re- 

 mote from them. Calix : ament common with the males , 

 perianth proper superior; leaflets four, club-shaped, tuber- 

 culated, equal, permanent. Corolla .- none. Pistil : germen 

 ovate, inferior ; style single, erect, firm, spreading, length 

 of the caliciue scale; stigma obtuse. Pericarp- none. Seed: 

 single, roundish. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Cala : 

 an imbricate ament. Corolla : none. Female. Calix : in 

 the same ament. Corrolla : none. Style : one. Seed .- one, 

 roundish. The species are, 



1. Cynomorium Coccineum. Stipe scaly ; ament cylin- 

 drical ; scales imbricate, ovate, retu.se. This is a fungiform 

 plant, the whole consisting of a long, thick, radical spadix, 

 rowing upon the roots of trees in salt-marshes under water. 

 Stem commonly half a foot long, upright, solid, tough, M 

 thick as the finger. Native of Barbary, on the coast, at the 

 roots ofLentiscus, Myrtle, &c. and Sicily, Malta, Cadiz, &c. 

 on the Haliinus, or Portulaca Marina, &c. 



1. Cynomorium Jaraaicenae. Stipe scaly ; ament elon- 

 gated ; scales imbricate, halved, rhoinboidul. It grows in 

 Hids, and rises generally to the height of three, four, or five 

 nches, but is commonly smallest towards the bottom. At 

 irst it is rather thickly covered with scales of the figure of* 

 icart, which fall oif gradually as it rises, and expose the body 



