C Y P 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C Y P 



perennial ; culms several, erect, from two to three feet high, 

 round, smooth, shining, slender, jointed, leafy, frequently 

 putting out a single branch from one of the lower joints, 

 otherwise quite simple. It flowers and seeds in the stove 

 during the whole year. Native of St. Domingo. 



13. Cynosurus Aureus ; Golden-spiked Dog's-tail Grass. 

 Panicles with barren, pendulous, ternate spikelets ; flowers 

 awned. Annual. Native of the south of Europe,among stones 

 and rocks ; and of the Levant ; flowering in June and July. 



14. Cynosurus Erucaeformis ; Linear-spiked Dog's-tail 

 Grans. Spike compound ; spikelets scattered, the fruit- 

 bearing ones erect ; calices one and two-flowered ; glumes 

 obtuse, boat-shaped ; keel obtuse ; corollas acuminate. It 

 is annual, flowers in July, and is a native of Russia and 

 Hudson's Bay. 



15. Cynosurus Retroflexus. Spike compound ; spikelets 

 aggregate; calices two-flowered, awned; corollas awnless. 

 Culms round, smooth ; leaves awl-shaped, a span long, 

 smooth ; flowers on one side of the rachis, compressed, 

 smooth. Native of the East Indies. 



16. Cynosurus Filiformis. Spike solitary, distich ; calices 

 awl-shaped, three-flowered ; barren florets awnless. Culms 

 creeping, branched, filiform, compressed at bottom ; inter- 

 nodes an inch long ; spike an inch long, linear ; flowers 

 small, alternate, compressed, smooth ; awn a little longer 

 than the calix. Native of the East Indies. 



17- Cynosurus Monostachyos. Spike terminating ; calices 

 awl-shaped, awnless,. subtriflorous ; florets awned, one-sided. 

 Culm upright, a foot and a half high, smooth ; leaves awl- 

 shaped narrow ; spike solitary, a span long ; flowers alter- 

 nate, imbricate on the inner side, smooth. Native of the 

 East Indies. 



18. Cynosurus Penicillatus. Spikes digitate ; calices four- 

 flowered, awned at the back ; outerpetals of the hermaphro- 

 dite awned, with bearded pencils. Culm round, upright, 

 very finely streaked, pubescent at top ; spikes in threes, but 

 sometimes solitary, on very short pedicils, bearded at the 

 base, four or five inches long, upright, sometimes a little 

 recurved at the end ; flowers from the inner side only. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



19. Cynosurus Paspaloides. Spikes digitate ; calices two- 

 flowered, subglobular ; outer valve of the calix awned ; co- 

 rollas awnless. Culm very simple, almost leafless, a foot 

 high ; spikes five, sessile, an inch and a half long, and more 

 woolly at the base, linear, narrow, ferruginous, shining. 

 Observed by Bulow at the Cape of Good Hope. 



20. Cynosurus Floccifolius. Spikes linear, straight ; leaves 

 doubled together, alternately bearded on the edge ; sheaths 

 not ciliate ; leaves not hairy. It differs from all the other 

 species, in having all the single leaves folded together, and 

 alternately bearded. Native of Egypt. 



Cyperus ; (Greater Galengale) a genus of the class Trian- 

 dria, order Monogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : 

 spike imbricate two ways ; scales ovate, keeled, flat, inflected, 

 separating the flowers. Corolla: none. Stamina: fllamenta 

 tli ree, very shorty antherae oblong, furrowed. Pistil .- ger- 

 men very small; style filiform, very long; stigmas three, 

 capillary. Pericarp.- none. Seed: single, three-sided, acu- 

 minate, destitute of villus. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Glumes: 

 chaffy, imbricate, in two rows. Corolla: none. Seeds: one, 

 naked. Most of these plants are natives of the East or West 

 Indies, and will therefore require the protection of the bark- 

 stove. - The species are, 



a round Culm. 



1. Cyperus Articulatus ; Jointed-stalked Cyperus. Culm 

 naked, jointed. Root tuberous, red, having a very grateful 



smell, like that of Calamus Aromaticus ; stalk three feet high, 

 smooth, with very strong and frequent transverse partitions, 

 or membranes. At the top several brown chaffy panicles, 

 made up of small long spikes. It is a native of the rills of 

 the Savannah, beyond Two-mile Wood, in Jamaica ; and of 

 Egypt, on the banks of the Nile. This, if planted in a warm 

 situation, will thrive in the open air. 



2. Cyperus Minimus ; Least Cyperus. Culm naked ; spikes 

 under the tip. Roots composed of many capillary brown 

 fibres, whence arise many small narrow leaves, an inch long, 

 and reddish underneath. Native of Jamaica and Brazil. 

 The roots of this should be planted in pots, and sheltered 

 in winter. 



3. Cyperus Lateralis ; Lateral-spiked Cyperus. Culm 

 roundish, naked ; spike lateral, sessile. Culms the length of 

 a needle, many, bristle-form, not stiff. Annual. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. 



4. Cyperus Monti. Culm round ; umbel superdecom- 

 pound ; leaves even on the keel. Perennial Native of 

 India ; lately found wild in Italy. 



5. Cyperus Tenellus. Culm naked, setaceous ; spikes 

 solitary, and twin sessile. Culm not a finger's length, the 

 thickness of a horse-hair ; spikes below the top of the culm, 

 compressed, ancipitate, ovate, even, with ten or twelve 

 scales. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



** With a three-cornered Culm. 



G. Cyperus Monostachyos ; Single-spiked Cyperus. Culm 

 naked ; spike simple, ovate, terminating; scales mucronate. 

 Root-leaves numerous, linear, very narrow, even, loose, a 

 span in length ; culm filiform, weak, scarcely a foot high. 

 Native of the East and West Indies. 



7. Cyperus Lzvigatus. Culm naked ; head two-leaved ; 

 flowers levigated. Culms even, two feet high ; leaves two, 

 stiff, convolute, subulate. Perennial. Native of Coromandel 

 in the East Indies. 



8. Cyperus Haspan. Culm leafy ; umbel superdecom- 

 pound ; spikelets umbellate, sessile. Culm a foot high, lax, 

 yellowish, striated, tender. Perennial. Native of the East 

 Indies, Ceylon, and the Cape of Good Hope. 



9. Cyperus Longus ; Sweet Cyperus, or English Galingale 

 Culm leafy ; umbel leafy, supenlecompound ; peduncles 

 naked ; spikes alternate. Root long, odoriferous : peduncles 

 sometimes twelve, umbelled ; the rays gradually shortening 

 to the middle ; the outer one half afoot in length ; spikelets 

 corymbed, slender, acuminate, chesnut-coloured. The root 

 is agreeably aromatic to the smell, warm and bitter to the 

 taste ; and although disregarded by modern practitioners, it 

 is probably not inferior to some of the more costly medicines 

 imported from abroad. The roots of Cyperus are attenuants, 

 and deobstruents, promote urine and the menses, are good 

 stomachics, and serviceable in the first stages of the dropsy. 

 Perennial ; flowering in July. Native of France, Germany, 

 Italy, Sicily, and Carniola, in bogs, marshes, and ditches. 

 It has been found in the isle of Purbeck in Dorsetshire, and 

 near St. David's in Wales. This, and the llth species, may 

 be propagated by dividing the roots in spring. 



10. Cyperus Esculentus. Culm naked ; umbel leafy ; 

 tubers of the roots ovate ; zones imbricate. Roots fibrous, 

 with small round tubers or bulbs hanging from them, of the 

 size of peas or beans : stems about eighteen inches high. The 

 radical tubers taste like sweet filberts, and are sold in the 

 markets of Italy and the Levant. Perennial. Native of 

 Montpellier, Italy, Sicily, and the Levant. 



11. Cyperus Rotund us. Culm almost naked ; umbel 

 decompound ; spikes alternate,. linear. Culm scarcely a foot 



