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with quick or spear grass, for in such lands the hoeing for 

 Carrots increases rather than destroys the quick, by hack- 

 ing it in pieces. No crop, when such lands are clean, 

 can be better for them than Carrots ; because it admits no 

 summer ploughing whatever, and is put on one earth given 

 with a trench-plough in March, so that as much tenacity is 

 given to these naturally loose soils us possible : the crop 

 may be left late in the ground, and if the soil be very 

 sandy, a crop of Buck-wheat may follow, for which any 

 degree of cleaning from quick may be given if required. 

 Every farmer therefore, who has a stock of cattle or sheep, 

 if he have land proper for the purpose, which must be light, 

 and of a proper depth to admit of the roots running down, 

 should always have a supply of these roots. In preparing 

 the land for Carrots, if it have never been in tillage before, it 

 should be ploughed early in autumn, and then across again 

 before winter, laying it up in high ridges to mellow by the 

 frost ; and if the ground be poor, some rotten dung should 

 be spread over it in winter, and ploughed in at the beginning 

 of February. The ground should be ploughed again in 

 March to receive the seeds ; to perform which, some employ 

 two ploughs, one following the other in the same furrow, so 

 that the ground is loosened a foot and a half deep ; others 

 have men with spades following the plough in the furrows, 

 turning up a spit of earth from the bottom, which they lay 

 upon the top, levelling it smooth, and breaking the clods ; 

 the latter method is attended witha little more expense, but 

 is much preferable to the former, because the clods are better 

 broken, and the surface left more even. If the land should 

 have been in tillage before, it will require but three plough- 

 ings : the first just before winter, when it should be laid in 

 high ridges, for the reasons before given ; the second cross- 

 ploughing should be in February, after which, if it be well 

 harrowed to break the clods, it will be very beneficial ; 

 the last time must be in March, to receive the seeds as above 

 directed. If great clods of earth remain unbroken after this 

 third ploughing, it will be necessary to harrow it well before 

 the seeds be sown. One pound and a half of seeds will be 

 sufficient for an acre of land, but as they are apt to adhere 

 together, it renders them more difficult to sow even than 

 most other sorts, therefore some mix a quantity of dry sand 

 with their seeds, rubbing them well together, so as to sepa- 

 rate the Carrot seed from each other, which is a very judi- 

 cious method ; after the seeds are sown, they must be gently 

 harrowed in to bury them ; and when the plants come up, 

 they should be hoed in the manner before directed. The 

 field-culture of Carrots is best carried on in a tract of Suffolk, 

 called from the nature of its soil the Sandlingt ; it is a triangle 

 formed by Woodbridge, Bawdsey Cliff, and Orford, at the 

 three angles. They sow five pounds of seed to the acre, on 

 a double furrow about fourteen inches deep ; the time of 

 sowing is about Lady-day, and they begin to hoe at Whit- 

 suntide; they give three hoeingsin all, which cost from fif- 

 teen to eighteen shillings an acre, sometimes more. Ten loads, 

 of forty bushels each, topped clean, on an acre, in good 

 land, is reckotied to be a middling crop : they feed with them 

 from before Christmas, and continue sometimes till Whitsun- 

 tide, taking them up, and housing them in the latter part 

 of the season, to have the land clear for Barley-sowing. The 

 time of sowing among the sandy-field gardeners, is the first 

 week in March ; some sow in the middle, and others again at 

 the end of March, but the time must in some measure be 

 regulated by the season, and the convenience of the fanner. 

 The time of sowing is by some extended from the beginning 

 of February till the end of April ; but this is too wide a range, 

 if it can be avoided. New seed will appear a week sooner 



than the old and the crop depends very much upon the 

 quality of the seed. Mr. Miller recommends only a pound and 

 a half of seed to be sown on an acre, which is certainly too 

 little ; on the other hand, in the Saudlings we have seen 

 that they sow five, eight, ten, and some even twelve pounds, 

 which is generally a waste of seed. The common rule for 

 the first hoeing is seven weeks after the seed is sown, or 

 generally at the beginning of May ; and the second at the 

 middle of June, or somewhat later, according to the state of 

 the crop.. The usual produce on poor lands is 200, and on 

 good land 4OO bushels per acre ; we have had accounts of 

 250, 300, 312, 326, 34O, 352, 368, 4OO, 460, 482, and even 

 64O, and 7OO bushels produced from an acre ; but let the 

 husbandman always beware of calculating upon great crops, 

 which are commonly produced on a small scale, or on very 

 rich land, or by extraordinary tillage and manuring, or by 

 some unusually fortunate and unforeseen circumstances. Se- 

 veral methods are prescribed for preserving Carrots during 

 winter : it is the practice in the Sandlings to take up the Car- 

 rots as they are wanted, only keeping a store beforehand in 

 case of frost; but this way of proceeding in some years leaves 

 many to rot upon theground. Soonafter Michaelmas, in dry 

 weather, they may be taken up with a common dung-fork, and 

 piled up, or stacked in a corner of the field in the following 

 manner : lay a platform of earth six inches above the level, 

 two feet and a half wide, and of a length proportioned to the 

 quantity of the crop, suppose from ten to twenty yards ; on 

 this earth scatter a light layer of straw, upon which place 

 a row of Carrots, with their tops on, and turned outwards ; 

 the tails lapping over one another, so that the width covered 

 with Carrots be about two feet ; top the small roots, and lay 

 them in the middle crosswise, to keep the two sides from 

 parting, by pressing the weight more on the centre ; on every 

 two or three rows scatter a little straw, and thus continue to 

 build up about four feet high; then cover the tops carefully 

 with dry straw, and lay some sedge or other coarse material 

 over all, by way of thatch ; then begin another line parallel 

 to the first, just leaving room to pass between them, and so 

 continuing until the whole crop is taken up ; fill the alleys 

 with dry straw, and guard the outside with bundles of straw 

 staked down, or set fast with hurdles, to prevent the wind 

 from removing the straw and covering. Other persons take 

 up their Carrots during some dry days in October, put them 

 directly into small upright cocks of ten bushels each, entirely 

 covered with the tops cut off, and being thus dried, carry them 

 into a barn or shed, throwing some straw over them, bat 

 taking care not to pack them too close. Another way is, to 

 leave them in cocks well covered over with straw or fern till 

 they are quite dry, and then cover them with earth, beaten 

 smooth with a spade : some twist otfthe tops with the hand, 

 ind others take off an inch of the roots to keep them from 

 sprouting : but these attentions can only be bestowed on small 

 crops. If they be barrelled up with very dry sand, after being 

 areviously well dried, they may be preserved a considerable 

 :iine at sea. Long experience has confirmed what Mr. 

 Miller asserts, that they are a hearty food for sheep, cattle, 

 lorses, hogs, and deer, particularly for horses : they may also 

 ie applied to feeding hounds and pointers when boiled, and 

 mixed with milk and barley-meal. A very good spirit may 

 ilso be distilled from Carrots, and the refuse will be excellent 

 'or feeding hogs. One ton eight stone, after being exposed 

 few days to dry, weighed 16O stone, and measured forty- 

 two bushels ; after being washed, topped, and tailed, they 

 ost eleven stone in weight, and seven bushels in measure. 

 From this quantity fifty gallons were distilled, which were 

 rectified, and twelve gallons of unexceptionable spirit wei* 



