416 



D I A 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



D I A 



flowers, one in June and the other in July ; it is very subject 

 to canker and rot, especially if planted in a soil too wet or 

 dry, or if watered with sharp spring water. 



2. Dianthus Carthusianorum ; Carthusian Pink. Flowers 

 subaggregate ; calicine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the 

 tube; leaves linear, three -nerved. This differs from the 

 foregoing sort, in having the leaves narrower by half, stiffer, 

 and marked with three principal nerves, not one only, as in 

 that. The stem is a little scabrous, not perfectly smooth as 

 in the former ; the petals are distant and villose, not smooth, 

 on their upper surface. In a fertile soil there will be fifteen 

 flowers on a stem ; in a barren soil fewer, and sometimes only 

 one : this, therefore, is an intermediate species between the 

 aggregate and one-flowered Dianthi. There are sometimes 

 seven calicine scales. The petals are of a deep-red colour, 

 ovate, and five-toothed. It does not flower till July. Native 

 of Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. 



3. Dianthus Atrorubeus ; Red Pink. Flowers aggregate ; 

 calicine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; leaves 

 connate, striated. Height from two to three feet ; leaves 

 smooth, flat, lanceolate, erect. The head of flowers at the 

 end of the stem is formed in this manner : a pair of elliptic 

 leaves emitting a long awn, has two short peduncles rising 

 from it on each side ; hence the stem, rising a little higher, 

 has three other very short peduncles, each bearing three 

 flowers ; petals scarlet, rhomb-shaped, with few unequal 

 teeth. It has hardly any smell ; is perennial ; and a native of 

 Piedmont, in dry hilly places by the sides of woods. 



4. Dianthus Ferrugineus ; Rusty Pink. Flowers aggre- 

 gate ; petals bifid ; segments three-toothed. This species 

 very much resembles the third ; but the stem is narrower, and 

 the leaves are more grassy and keeled. It has the entire 

 habit of Sweet-william ; the flower-stems are upright, and 

 about a foot and half high ; the leaves are somewhat like 

 those of Carnations, but of a darker green ; the bundles 

 of flowers are close ; some of the corollas yellow, and others 

 of a rusty iron colour, in different bundles, and sometimes 

 even in the same bundle. They flower in July ; but when 

 the weather proves cool and moist, there will be a succession 

 of flowers till the end of September. The roots will abide 

 two or three years, but the young plants of the second year 

 produce the most flowers. Native of Italy and Spain. 



5. Dianthus Armeria ; Deptford Pink. Flowers in bun- 

 dles ; calicine scales lanceolate, villose, equal to the tube 

 iu length. Root annual ; stems erect, a foot or a foot and 

 half in height, round, pubescent, roughish, swelling at the 

 joints, towards the upper part a branch comes forth at each 

 joint, terminated with a small bundle of from two to four 

 flowers ; leaves linear-lanceolate.connate, bright green,erect, 

 entire, pubescent on both sides and roughish, three-nerved, 

 three inches long, and two lines broad ; claws of the petals 

 long ; border purple, dotted with red and white, smooth, 

 except that they are slightly hairy towards the throat, obtuse 

 and finely notched at the end, acuminate, with one or two 

 teeth ; antherae violet-coloured ; stigmas red, purple, flexuose, 

 pubescent. It flowers in July and August. Native of Goth- 

 land, Denmark, Upper and Lower Silesia, the Palatinate, and 

 other parts of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, 

 and England. From having been found in a meadow near 

 Deptford, it obtained the name of Deptford Pink ; and is 

 met with in Charlton-wood, and other parts of Kent ; near 

 Croydon, between Dorking and Mickleham, Dulwich,Oak-of- 

 honour Hi'l, and Streatham, in Surry ; in Norfolk; about 

 Pershore and Eckington, in Worcestershire ; near Ketley in 

 Shropshire ; and at Clarkson-leap, near Worcester. It is also 

 found near Reading in Berkshire ; near Caversham ; on the 



road from Harefield to Chalfont St. Peter's ; in a little 

 near Highgate ; and in Tuddington-fields. 



6. Dianthus Japonicus ; Japan Pink. Flowers in bundles 

 calicine scales acute, ciliate, shorter than the tube. .Stem 

 decumbent at base, then erect, round, even, smooth, simple, 

 or very rarely divided at top, a foot in height ; leaves oppo- 

 site, petioled, ovate, acute, entire, smooth, nerveless, erect, 

 an inch in length, the upper ones smaller; petioles broiul, 

 stem-clasping ; flowers terminating, fastigiate ; calix the 

 length of the tube of the corolla, striated, smooth ; calitle 

 ovate at the base, then lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, half the 

 length of the calix ; corolla crenate. Native of Japan. 



7. Dianthus Prolifer ; Proliferous Pink. Flowers in 

 heads ; calicine scales ovate, obtuse, awnless, exceeding the 

 tube in length. Root annual ; stem usually single, erect, 

 decumbent only at bottom, very smooth, swelling at the 

 joints, a span or a foot high, sometimes more ; flowers in a 

 crowded head on the summit of the stalks, three or four 

 together, surrounded by large scaly bractes nearly hiding 

 them ; they open one at a time, the uppermost first, rising up 

 from the bractes, when they fade, drying up and withdraw- 

 ing again, so that they are a considerable time in flowering ; 

 corollas small, slightly bifid, not crenate, red or rose-coloured, 

 sometimes varying to white ; they expand about eight in the 

 morning, aud close about one in the afternoon. It flowers 

 in July and August ; and is known by the name of Childing 

 Sweet-william or Childing Pink. Native of Denmark, Ger- 

 many, France, Switzerland, Carniola, Italy, Sicily, Spain, 

 and England. With us it is rare, in sandy pastures, and has 

 been observed at Selsey Island in Sussex ; near Norwich, on 

 Landridge-Hili, at Hanley Castle, in Worcestershire ; and 

 between Hampton Court and Tuddington. 



** Flowers solitary, several on the same stem. 



8. Dianthus Diniinutus ; Small Pink. Calicine scales 

 eight, longer than the flower. This seems evidently to be a 

 mere variety of the preceding species : Linneus affirms it to 

 be the daughter of the Childing Pink. It is a very diminutive 

 plant, seldom rising six inches high, terminated by a single 

 flower, of a pale-red colour : the leaves are short and narrow, 

 and grow in close heads. Annual. Native of Germany and 

 Switzerland. 



9. Dianthus Caryophillus ; Clove Pink, and Common Car- 

 nation. Calicine scales subrhombed, very short ; petals 

 crenate, beardless. This species, so well known by the 

 gardener in its improved state, is thus described by Haller in 

 a state of nature : Root large, woody, branched ; stem a 

 foot or eighteen inches high, decumbent at bottom, jointed, 

 branched; leaves glaucous, smooth, linear, a line in breadth ; 

 every branch is terminated by one, two, or three flowers ; the 

 petals have long claws, which are green, with a rose-coloured 

 border. This flower has a pleasant smell, but not the spicy 

 odour of the garden plant. It grows on rocks, walls, and in 

 dry soils. This fine flower, which has long been deservedly- 

 esteemed, both for its superior beauty and rich spicy odour, 

 must have been unknown to the ancients in its culth 

 improvement ; otherwise it would have been described by 

 the naturalists, and sung by the poets, as well as its rival the 

 Rose. Carnations and Pinks have, however, been cultivated 

 from time immemorial in Europe, and were among the few 

 favourite flowers of our remote ancestors. Parkinson rr 

 nineteen sorts of Carnations, and thirty of Gillyflowers. 

 Though these have been supplanted by modern flowers, and 

 the florists are daily producing new ones, yet it may not be 

 unacceptable to the curious, to recite the names of those 

 which were in favour almost two centuries ago. Cantatiotu. 



