D R O 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



DRY 



4. Drosera Longifolia ; Long-leaved Sundew. Scapes ra- 

 dicate; leaves ovate-oblong. Linneus is of opinion that this 

 is scarcely specifically distinct from the preceding species, 

 since they only differ in the form of their leaves. This scums 

 not to be so common as the round-leaved sort, although Mr. 

 Woodward informs us that it is frequent in Norfolk ; and 

 Mr. Lightfoot, that it is so also in Scotland. On Brigstear 

 moss, near Kendal, it grows thrice as large as any where about 

 London : it is also found on HintonMoor, near Cambridge ; 

 on Bagshot Heath, in Surry ; and at Selborne, in Hants. 

 Great Sundew, which Mr. Hudson makes a distinct species, 

 because it is larger, has eight styles, and four-valved cap- 

 sules ; it is common, as he informs us, in the northern coun- 

 ties, also in Devonshire, Hampshire, and Norfolk ; three 

 miles from Carlisle towards Scotland, where Mr. Dickson 

 found it near Fort Augustus ; nearEllesmere ; and in Ireland. 

 Another variety was found by Mr. Willisel, betweenDoncaster 

 and Bautrey, in Yorkshire ; and by Mr. J. Sherard on West- 

 field Down near Hastings. The three last species have the 

 same property with Diontea Muscipula, of entrapping small 

 insects with their folded leaves; which was discovered by 

 surgeon Whately, in August, 1780. On inspecting some of 

 the contracted leaves, he observed a fly in close imprison- 

 ment ; and on centrically pressing other leaves yet in their 

 expanded form, with a pin, he observed a sudden elastic 

 spring of them, so as to become inverted upwards, and as 

 it were encircling the pin. The same account occurs in a 

 German author, in July 1779 : an ant was placed on the 

 middle of a leaf, the insect endeavoured to escape, but was 

 held fast by the clammy juice at the point of the hairs ; in 

 some minutes the short hairs on the disk of the leaf began 

 to bend; then the long hairs, and laid themselves upon the 

 ant ; after a while the leaf began to bend ; and in some 

 hours the end of the leaf was so bent inwards as to touch 

 the base : the ant died in fifteen minutes. 



5. Drosera Capensis ; Cape Sundew. Scapes radicate; 

 leaves lanceolate, scabrous underneath. Root putting out 

 .'piral threads; flowers violet-coloured. Native of the Cape. 



6. Drosera Lusitanica; Portuguese Sundew. Scapes ra- 

 dicate ; leaves subulate, convex underneath ; flowers ten- 

 stamined. The stem has a few leaves on it, and from two 

 to four peduncled flowers at the end ; capsule twice as long 

 as thecalix. Found in Portugal by Tournefort. 



7. Drosera Cistiflora ; Cistus-jlowereil Sundew. Stem 

 simple, leafy ; leaves lanceolate. Stems a foot high, pubes- 

 cent ; leaves alternate, with glutinous hairs ; flowers ter- 

 minating, one to three, large, on peduncles ; the bottom of 

 the corolla dark ; stamina black, the length of the calix ; 

 antherae yellow, cordate ; pistil black ; germen ovate, and 

 round the top, but not on the top of it ; five black styles the 

 length of the corolla; stigmas several times dichotomous, 

 even into hairs. Native of the Cape. 



8. Drosera Indica. Stem branched, leafy ; leaves linear; 

 peduncles axillary, with two or three flowers. Native of the 

 East Indies. The Ceylonese call it katulul-aessa, from kan- 

 dula, a tear ; the leaves being surrounded with drops, as in 

 our European species ; the stem is half a foot high, and very 

 slender ; the leaves extremely fine, and coming out alter- 

 nately all over the stem and branches, bent upwards at the 

 ends ; the peduncles are the length of the leaves, or longer, 

 and sustains three flowers or more, but the weaker only one. 



9. Drosera Umbellata. Scapes rooted ; leaves ovate ; 

 flower umbelled. Stem none ; leaves next the ground, 

 only on long petioles ; scapes various, naked, five inches 

 long, terminated by an umbellule of about five flowers, with 

 corollas of five petals. Native of China. 



Besides the foregoing, there are two species, natives of 

 New South Wales : the first, Drosera Peltata, whose stem 

 bears triangular peltate leaves fringed withnumerousglands, 

 and several rose-coloured flowers ; the second, Drosera Di- 

 chotoma, whose stalk is solitary, naked, corymbose, a foot 

 ormore high, bearing numerous, large, elegantwhite flowers. 

 The leaves are all radical, stalked, once or twice forked, 

 linear, narrow, acute, the upper side clothed with glandular 

 hairs, the margins entire. 



Dryandra; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Monu- 

 delphia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix . perianth, 

 two-leaved ; divisions ovate, acute, shorter than the corolla ; 

 Corolla : five-petalled, petals obovate-oblong, from reflex 

 patulous, unguicular. Stamina : filamenta nine, united be- 

 low into one body, unequal, shorter by half than the corolla. 

 Antherae minute. Female. Pericarp : tricoccous, or tetra- 

 coccous, three-grooved, or four-grooved, wrinkled, fleshy. 

 Seeds : solitary, oblong. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calii ; 

 two-leaved. Corolla five-petalled; (or calix five-leaved, 

 resembling a corolla, surrounded by a two or three-leaved 



calicle.) Stamina nine. Fruit : three or four grained. 



The only known species is, 



1. Dryandra Cordata. Stem arboreous, a fathom or more 

 in height ; branches round, with a wrinkled bark, dotted, 

 smooth ; leaves at the ends of the twigs approximate, alter- 

 nate, petioled, cordate, acute, entire, five-nerved, the nerves 

 branching, smooth, paler underneath, spreading, a hand in 

 length and breadth ; petioles almost the length of the leaf, 

 round ; flowers terminating in a panicle, the branches of 

 which are dichotomous, or trichotomous, and patulous ; pe- 

 tals yellow. From the seeds they express an oil for lamps 

 and the table. Native of Japan, flowering in May and June. 



Dry as ; a germs of the class Icosandria, order Polygynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leaved ; eight- 

 parted ; divisions spreading, linear, obtuse, equal, a little 

 shorter than the corolla. Corolla . petals eight, oblong, 

 emarginate, speading, inserted into the calix. Stamina ; 

 filamenta numerous, capillary short, inserted into the calix. 

 Antherae small. Pistil .- germina many, crowded, small ; 

 styles capillary, inserted into the side of the germen ; stigmas 

 simple. Pericarp : none. Seeds ; numerous, roundish, com- 

 pressed, furnished with extremely long woolly styles. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five to ten-cleft. Petals: live 

 to eight. Seeds .- tailed, hairy. The species are, 



1. DryasAnemonoides. Five petallcd : leaves pinnate, with 

 all the pinnas distinct. This is a very small plant : the radi- 

 cal leaves are commonly tcrnate, compound, consisting of a 

 middle leaflet longer than the rest, and two lateral one^ : 

 all the leaflets are deeply cut or divided, but vary much as 

 to breadth and length, in different individual plants; some- 

 times the leaves have more than three divisions, they are 

 of a bright green, and very smooth ; the footstalk is round. 

 The stalk is terminated bya single flower, which is large in 

 proportion ; the calix is outwardly green, and inwardly 

 lanuginous, and of a silvery appearance ; the coroll 

 pale yellow, the petals striated ; the stamina are extremely 

 numerous and short ; the germina converge into a globe, 

 and are coated with a thick white down. Native of 

 -Siberia. 



2. Dryas Octopetala. Eight-petalled : k-avos simple. 

 This delicate evergreen plant, with its snow- white blossoms, 



ivut ornament to alpine heights ; the stalk and bran 

 are woody and perennial, lying flat upon the ground, and 

 spreading flat about the root in tufts ; leaves evergreen, ovate, 

 turned back at the edge, ending very obtusely, and sometimes 

 emarginate, deeply and bluntly serrate, or more properly ere- 



