DYE 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



DYE 



479 



or thirty feet asunder each way ; which are managed in the 

 same way as Pears. Some persons also plant Apricots and 

 1'lums for dwarfs, but these seldom succeed well, as being 

 of ;i tender constitution ; and those which will produce fruit 

 on dwarfs, are much more likely to do so when trained on an 

 fspalier, where they can be better managed. After what has 

 been here said concerning dwarf-trees, we can hardly sup- 



pose that many persons will still continue to prefer them to 

 espaliers ; and we refer those with whom the objections here 

 urged against the former have no weight, to the article Graft- 

 ing, where they will find many corroborative proofs of the 

 advantages arising from the latter, together with other use- 

 ful hints upon the same subject. 



Dyer's Weed. See Genista and Resida. 



E C H 



E C H 



EARTH Nut. See Arachis, and Bunium 



i'.arth Pea. See Lalhyrus. 



Earwort. See Hedyotis. 



Ebt-nus ; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. 

 GENERIC CUABACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, bell- 

 shaped, terminated by five filiform teeth, which are villose, 

 ami nearly equal. Corolla ; papilionaceous, length of the 

 calix ; standard roundish, straight, entire ; rudiments of 

 wings obscure, crescent-shaped, gibbous, ascending at the 

 tip. Stamina; filamenta diadelphous, all growing together 

 into a sheaf, with tips distinct; antherae roundish. Pistil : 

 germen roundish, villose ; style capillary; stigma terminal, 

 acuminate. Ptricarp .- legume ovate. Seed : single, rough 

 with hairs.' ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix , with teeth, 

 the length of the corolla ; wings scarcely any. Seed : one, 

 rough with hairs. These plants are propagated by seeds, 

 which should be sown in the autumn, in pots, and placed 

 under a frame in winter, vvhere they may be protected from 

 frost. In the spring the plants will come up ; they should 

 be kept clean from weeds, and now and then refreshed with 

 water. When they have acquired strength enough to be 

 removed, they should be each planted in a small pot filled with 

 light earth, and plunged into a moderate hot-bed, just to 

 promote their taking new root; then they should be gradually 

 inured to bear the open air, into which they should be re- 

 moved the latter end of May, placing them in a sheltered 

 situation, where they may remain till autumn, when they must 

 be removed into shelter, for these plants will not live in the 

 open air through the winter, nor should they he too tenderly 

 treated, lest they draw up weak. They succeed best when 

 placed in an airy glass-case, without fire in the winter, where 

 they will have more sun and air than in a green-house. Dur- 

 ing winter the plants must be sparingly watered, but they 

 often require to be refreshed in the summer. Among other 

 hardy exotic plants they make a fine variety. The spe- 

 cies are, 



1. EbenusCretica; Cretan Ebony. Leaves ternate, quinate, 

 or pinnate, with two pairs of leaflets; spikes terminating. 

 It rises with a shrubby stalk three or four feet high, with 

 several side-branches ; leavesateach joint, hoary, composed 

 of five narrow lanceolate leaflets, which join at their tails to 

 the footstalk, and spread out like the fingers of a hand ; the 

 branches are terminated by thick spikes of large purple 

 flowers ; the spikes are from two to three inches long, and 

 make a fine appearance. It flowers in June and July, and 

 in warm seasons will sometimes perfect seeds in England. 

 It grows in Crete, and some islands of the Archipelago. 



. Ebenus Pinnata ; Pinnated Ebony. Leaves pinnate, 

 with four paiir of leaflets; spikes axillary, on very long 

 peduncles. It flowers in July, is biennial, and a native of 

 Barbary and the Levant. 



Ebony. See Amerimnum, and Diospyros Ebenaster. 

 Eckinophora ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Di- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : uinbel universal, 

 with very many rays, the intermediate ones shorter ; partial 



with very many sessile flowers, the central one sessile, receiv- 

 ing the germina between the pedicels ; involucre universal, 

 with some sharp rays ; partial turbinate, one-leafed, six-cleft, 

 acute, unequal ; perianth proper, five-toothed, permanent, 

 very small. Corolla : universal, difform, rayed ; floscules 

 male, abortive, the central one of the umbel female ; proper 

 five-petalled ; petals unequal, patulous. Stamina : filamenta 

 five, simple ; antherse roundish. Pistil : germen oblong, 

 inferior, clothed with an involucel ; styles two, simple ; slig- 

 ma,s simple. Pericarp : none, in place of which is a hard- 

 ened mucronate involucre. Seed : single, ovate- oblong. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Lateral flowers male, central 

 hermaphrodite. Seed : one, immersed in an involucel. 

 These plants do not produce their seeds in our climate, but 

 are increased by their creeping roots. Transplant them in 

 the beginning of March, a little before they shoot. They 

 require a warm situation, and a dry soil ; or else you must 

 cover them in winter, to prevent the frost from destroying 

 them. The species are, 



1. Echinophora Spinosa; Prickly Sea Parsnep. Leaflets 

 subulate-spiny, quite entire. Root perennial, creeping ; 

 stalks branching, five or six inches high, with short thick 

 leaves, terminating in two or three sharp thorns, and oppo- 

 site, in pairs ; flowers in an umbel, on a naked peduncle, 

 which arise's from the side of the stalk ; under the umbel an 

 involucre composed of several leaves, terminating in sharp 

 spines ; corolla white. It flowers in June ; and is a native of 

 the sea-coast of Europe, especially on the shores of the Me- 

 diterranean Sea. It was found by Mr. Ray on the sea-coast 

 of Lancashire ; and by Mr. Blackstone, between Feversham 

 and Sea-salter in Kent. 



2. Echinophora Tenuifolia ; Fine-leaved Sea Parsnep. 

 Leaflets gashed, unarmed. Root perennial ; stalk nearly a 

 foot and a half high ; whence come out two opposite side- 

 branches at every joint. At the lower part of it are leaves 

 finely divided, like those of the Carrot ; and the flowers grow 

 in small umbels at the extremities of the branches, having a 

 short prickly involucre. It flowers in July ; and is a native 

 of the sea-coast of Apulia. 



3. Echinophora Trichophylla. Leaflets thread-shaped, 

 elongated, undivided, scarcely spinous. The plant is smooth, 

 and abounds with gum. The petals are whitish. Native of 

 the Levant. 



Echinops ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia Segregata. OENKRIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 many-leaved,with scales, subulate, totally reflected, contain- 

 ing many flowers. Perianth : partial one-flowered, obkmg, 

 imbricate, cornered ; leaflets subulate, loose above, upright, 

 permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, length of the calix, tubu- 

 lar ; border five-cleft, reflex, spreading. Stamina: filamenta 

 five, capillary, very short ; antherae cylindric, tubular, five- 

 toothed. Pistil : germen oblong; style filiform, length of 

 the corolla ; stigma double, somewhat depressed, rolled back. 

 Pericarp : none. Calix : unchanged, larger. Seeds .- single, 

 ovate, oblong, narrower at the base, with obtuse tip ; down 



