492 



ENA 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



EPH 



of Fahlun in Sweden, also produce it ; and here it has been 

 known to survive, when every other plant had perished with 

 cold. In Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and the 

 northern counties of England, it is common ; and the Scottish 

 Highlanders, with their children, eat the berries; but they 

 are no desirable fruit, and, if taken in large quantities, are 

 said to bring on a slight headache. The Russian peasants, 

 however, eat them ; and the Kamtscliadales gather great 

 quantities of them to boil with their fish, or to make a sort of 

 pudding with the bulbs of their Lilies. They are esteemed 

 antiscorbutic, and diuretic. Grouse and heath-cocks feed 

 upon them, and they give their excrement a tinge of purple. 

 When boiled in alum-water, they afford a dark purple dye, 

 and are said to be used in dyeing otter and sable skins black, 

 when boiled with fat. Cattle do not seem to browse on this 

 shrub. Liniif us says, it flowers in April with the Elm. 



Empleurum; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Tetran- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male Flowers. Calir : peri- 

 anth one-leafed, bell-sliaped, four-toothed, permanent. Co- 

 rolla: none. Stamina: filamenta four, awl-shaped, longer 

 than the calix, patulous; antherse oblong, subquadrangular, 

 retuse. Female Flowers on the same plant. Calix: as in 

 the male. Corolla: none. Pistil: germen superior, oblong, 

 compressed, terminated by a leafy erect process; style none; 

 stigma placed on the lateral toothlet of tlie germen, cylindrie, 

 deciduous. Pericarp: capsule oblong, compressed, crowned 

 by a leafy process, one-celled, opening along the straighter 

 margin. Seed: solitary, oblonsr, covered with a subcoriace- 

 ous bivalve aril. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix : 

 four-cleft. Corolla : none. Female. Calix : four-cleft, inte- 

 rior. Corolla: none; stigma cylindrie, placed on the lateral 

 toothlet of the germen ; capsule opening on the side. Seed: 

 one, arilled. -The only known species is, 



1. Empleurum Serrulatnm ; Cape Empleurum. This is a 

 shrub with wandlike even branches ; leaves like those of a 

 willow, alternate, subpetioled, linear-lanceolate, even above, 

 beneath longitudinally wrinkled, smooth, quite entire on the 

 edge, but appearing to be serrate by pellucid dots ; peduncles 

 few-flowered, lateral, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers 

 small, reddish, most of them male; capsules usually solitary, 

 incurved, with a beak of the same length. Native of the Cape. 



Enargea; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: 

 petals six, oblong-ovate, concave, acute ; three outer and 

 three inner all marked below the middle with two green 

 spots. Stamina : filamenta six, half the length of the corolla. 

 Pistil: germen roundish. Style: three-cornered, thick. 

 Pericarp: berry subglobular, three-celled. Seeds: four or 

 five, globular. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: none. 

 Petals : six, oblong-ovate, concave, acute ; three outer and 

 three inner green-spotted. Berry: three-celled, with four or 

 five globular seeds. The species are, 



1. Enargea Marginata. A handsome little plant, a span 

 high, erect, branched, angular; leaves alternate, nearly ses- 

 sile, an inch or more in length, elliptical, acute, entire, their 

 edges rough with minute spines ; flowers terminal, solitary ; 

 petals white, ribbed, the three outer elliptical, the three inner 

 broader and obovate ; berry the size of a pea. Native of 

 Terra del Fuego. 



2. Enargea Biixifolia. A shrub two or three feet high, 

 with the aspect of Box. Leaves with numerous transverse 

 veins, an inch long, their edges rough, with minute teeth 

 near the point ; flowers terminal, large, and handsome; the 

 three outer petals elliptic, flat, an inch long; the three inner 

 obovate, thrice as long, all veined. Found by Commerson 

 in the straits of Magellan. 



Enchanter's Nightshade. See Circeea. 



Endive. See Cichorium. 



English Mercury. See Chenopodiwn. 



Epacris ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five-parted, 

 equal, permanent; divisions lanceolate. Corolla: one-petal- 

 led, funnel-form ; tube gradually widening into a five-cleft 

 border; divisions ovate, acute, villose above; nectary five 

 obovate emarginate scales, fastened to the germen, and press- 

 ed close. Stamina : filamenta five, very short in the throat 

 of the corolla ; antherse incumbent. Pistil: germen roundish, 

 five-sfreaked ; style cylindric, short; stigma capitate. Peri- 

 carp: capsule globular-flatted, five-celled, five-valved, gap- 

 ing, teeds: numerous, very small. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Corolla: funnel-form, villose. Nectary: scales fast- 

 ened to the germen. Capsule: five-celled, five-valved. 



The species, all natives of New Zealand, are, 



1. Epacris Longifolia. Arboreous: leaves subulate, sheath- 

 ing; racemes upright; flowers opposite; capsule superior, 

 subturbinate, rounded, five-cornered ; partitions inserted in 

 the middle of the valves, and corresponding with the de- 

 pressed grooves on the outside of the capsule. 



2. Epacris Juniperina. Arboreous : leaves scattered, linear, 

 acute, spreading, sessile; racemes drooping; flowers alter- 

 nate. The fruit of this plant is a small, superior, juiceless, 

 spherical berry, terminated by a short awl-shaped style ; the 

 rind is coriaceous, thin, and black; the pulp fungous, rather 

 solid, white, and five-celled. 



3. Epacris Pumila. Herbaceous: leaves ovate-oblong, im- 

 bricate ; flowers sessile, subsolitary. 



4. Epacris Rosmarinifolia. Shrubby : leaves linear, obtuse, 

 rigid, sheathing; flowers solitary, lateral. 



Ephedra; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Monadel- 

 phia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : ament com- 

 pounded of one-flowered scales, few, roundish, concave, length 

 of the perianth ; perianth proper, one-leafed, half two-cleft, 

 roundish, inflated, small, compressed; divisions obtuse. 

 Corolla: none. Stamina: filamenta seven, coalescing into a 

 subulate pillar, divided at the tip, longer th;m the calix; an- 

 theree roundish, turned outwards, of which four are inferior, 

 the other three superior. Female. Calix: perianth five-fold, 

 one placed on another, with alternate divisions, in an ovate 

 figure, each one-leafed, somewhat ovate, two-parted, the ex- 

 terior ones smaller. Corolla: none. Pistil: germen two, 

 ovate, size of the last perianth, on which they are placed ; . 

 styles simple, filiform, short; stigmas simple. Pericarp: 

 none; calicine scales all thickened, succulent, constituting a 

 divided berry. Seeds: two, ovate, sharp, on one side con- 

 vex, on the other flat, compresst-d by the calix converging 

 them on every side. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Ca- 

 lix : of the ament two-cleft. Corolla : none. Stamina : 

 seven. Antkercc : four inferior, three superior. Female. 

 Calix: two-parted, five-folded. Corolla : none. Pistil: two. 



Seeds: two, covered with a berried calix. These plants 



may be propagated by offsets, which they send forth in 

 great plenty ; for the roots creep under ground, and send 

 forth suckers, which may be taken off to transplant in the 

 spring. They love a pretty moist strong soil, and will endure 

 the cold of our ordinary winters very well in the open air. 

 The species are, 



1. Ephedra Distachya; Great Shrubby Horse-tail, or Sea 

 Grape. Peduncles opposite; aments in pairs. It is a shrub, 

 says Pallas, varying wonderfully according to its situation, 

 sometimes a foot or eighteen inches high, sometimes only a 

 finger's height, or even lower, prostrate or ascending; trunk 

 fibrous, woody, often thicker than a finger, with some 



