EUO 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



EUO 



529 



enclosing one roundish softish seed. Native of the woods of 

 Cochin-china. 



Evolvulus ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Tetra- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth five-leaved ; 

 leaflets lanceolate, sharp, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, 

 rotate, five-cleft. Stamina: filamenta five, capillary, spread- 

 ing, almost the length of the corolla ; antherae a little oblong. 

 Pistil: germen somewhat globose; styles four, capillary, di- 

 verging, length of the stamina; stigmas simple. Pericarp: 

 capsule somewhat globose, four-celled, four-valved. Seeds: 

 solitary, roundish, cornered at one side. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Calix : five-leaved. Corolla : five-cleft, rotate. 

 Capsule: three-celled. Seeds: solitary. This genus entirely 

 consists of stove-plants, to be cultivated and treated as the 



tender sorts of Convolvulus from the same countries. 



The sprcies are, 



1. Evolvulus Nummnlariiis. Leaves roundish ; stem creep- 

 ing ; flowers subsessile. From a small, stringy, fibrous, annual 

 root, spring long trailing stalks, taking root here and there 

 where they touch the ground, and putting forth alternately, 

 at small unequal distances, leaves almost round, three-quar- 

 ters of an inch long, and an inch broad, having a small notch 

 at the end, and on petioles a quarter of an inch in length, 

 and of a brown colour; flowers axillary, on short peduncles, 

 of a light blue colour. Native of Jamaica and Barbadoes ; 

 common also in the dry plains of the other islands. 



2. Evolvulus Gangeticus. Leaves cordate, obtuse, mucro- 

 nate, villose, petioled ; stem diffuse; peduncles one-flowered. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



3. Evolvulus Alsinoides ; Chickweed-leaved Evolvulus. 

 Leaves obcordate, obtuse, hairy, petioled ; stem diffuse ; 

 peduncles three-flowered. It is a little annual plant, with a 

 creeping root; the stems, leaves, petioles, and peduncles, 

 are covered with rufous hairs; leaves alternate, roundish, on 

 a short petiole; flowers axillary, on long peduncles; corolla 

 blue, large in proportion to the plant. The Ceylonese call 

 it Wisnugarandi, from the Malabar idol Wisnu, and Garandi, 

 which signifies the dysentery, for which disorder it is reputed 

 to be a sovereign remedy. It flowers in June and July. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



4. Evolvulus Emarginatus. Leaves kidney-form, repand. 

 Annual: stems filiform, creeping ; flowers axillary, solitary, 

 small; peduncles the length of the petioles, muricate under- 

 neath. Native of the East Indies. 



5. Evolvulus Linitolius ; Flax-leaved Evolvulus. Leaves 

 lanceolate, villose, sessile; stem upright, peduncled, three- 

 flowered, long. The whole of this plant has the appearance 

 of a very fine sort of flax. It seldom rises above ten or four- 

 teen inches high ; the stalk is generally simple, or but very 

 little divided, slender, and upright; the leaves are narrow and 

 few, they each throw out a long and delicate peduncle from 

 their axils, furnished with a very small exterior two-leaved 

 cup about the middle; the styles are two, and bifid ; the cap- 

 sules are divided into two or four cells, and contain many 

 seeds. In the low-lands of Jamaica it is frequently met with : 

 annual, flowering in August and September. 



6. Evolvulus Tridentatus. Leaves linear, wedge-form, 

 three-cuspeti, dilated at the base, and toothed; peduncles 

 one-flowered ; stem twining:. Native of the East Indies. 



7. Evolvulug Sericeus. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, silky 

 underneath; peduncles short, one-flowered ; the flower-stalks 

 are very short ; the cups single, and every flower furnished 

 with four styles. Native of the low lands of Jamaica. 



Ettonymus ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 five-parted, flat ; divisions roundish, concave. Corolla : petals 

 VOL. i. 45. 



five, ovate, flat, spreading, longer than the calix. Stamina : 

 filamenta five, subulate, upright, shorter than the corolla, 

 placed on the germen as it were on a receptacle ; antheree 

 twin. Pistil: germen acuminate; style short, simple; stigma 

 acute. Pericarp: capsule succulent, coloured, five-sided, 

 five-cornered, five-celled, five-valved. Seeds : solitary, ovate, 

 involved in a berried aril. Observe. The fructification in 

 some individuals or species takes away a fifth part of the 

 number. In some there are no filamenta, except the points 

 of the receptacle. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: five- 

 petalled. Capsule: five-sided, five-celled, five-valved, coloured. 



Seeds: calyptred, or veiled. The species are, 



1. Euonymus Europteus ; Common Spindle Tree. Flowers 

 mostly four-stamined; peduncles compressed, many-flowered ; 

 stigmas awl-shaped ; leaves smooth, bluntly serrate ; angles 

 of the capsules blunt. The common Spindle-tree, when grow- 

 ing in hedges, is seldom seen of any considerable size, but is a 

 shrub; if planted single, however, and properly trained, it will 

 have a strong woody stem, and rise more than twenty feet high, 

 dividing into many branches; leaves lanceolate, about three 

 inches long, and an inch and a quarter broad in the middle, op- 

 posite, entire, of a deep green colour. The flowers come out at 

 the end of May, or in the beginning of June, in small bunches 

 from the side of the stalks, on slender peduncles; the petals 

 are whitish, and spread in the form of a cross ; the seeds are 

 pale flesh or rose coloured; the fruit ripens in October, at 

 which time the seed-vessels spread open and expose the seeds, 

 which being of a beautiful red colour, these shrubs then make 

 a good appearance. The wood is said to be used by the 

 musical instrument makers, and for skewers and toothpicks ; 

 the branches should be cut when the shrub is in blossom, 

 for it is then tough, and not easily broken ; in that state it is 

 also used by watchmakers for cleaning watches. No animal 

 but the goat browses upon it : the berries are said to be fatal 

 to sheep ; they vomit and purge violently ; when powdered 

 and sprinkled upon the hair, they destroy lice. From its'use 

 for skewers it has the name of Prickwood; Gerarde calls it 

 Prick-timber; it is also called House-berry, Dogwood, and 

 Gatteridge-tree, by which latter names it is confounded with 

 Cornus Ifanguinea: the Germans call it Spindelbaum ; the 

 Swedes, Alster ; the Danes, Beenved ; the Italians, Fusaggine ; 

 the Spaniards, Bonetero, Bonete de Clerigo; the Portuguese, 

 Barrete de Clerigo ; and the Russians, Mereskletiana, KisHan- 

 ka, Swida, Sedlini Beresdren. This, with the second, third, 

 and fourth species, may be propagated eitherby seeds or layers; 

 if by seeds, they should be sown in autumn soon after they 

 are ripe, then the plants will come up in the spring following; 

 but if the seeds are not sown till spring, the plants will not 

 appear till the spring following, whereby a whole year is lost. 

 The seeds should be sown upon a shady border, where they 

 will succeed better than when they are more exposed to the 

 sun; and when the plants appear, they will only require to 

 be weeded till the following autumn, when, as soon as the 

 leaves decay, the plants should be taken up, and transplanted 

 into a nursery, in rows two feet distant, and the plants one 

 foot asunder in the rows ; in this place they may remain two 

 years, and then they may be removed to the places where 

 they are to remain. When they are propagated by layers, 

 the young shoots should be laid down in autumn, and if the 

 joint which is laid deepest in the ground be slit, as is prac- 

 tised for Carnations, it will cause them to put out roots much 

 sooner than they otherwise would do ; these layers will be 

 sufficiently rooted in one year to bear transplanting, when 

 they should be taken from the old plants, and treated in the 

 same way as the seedlings. The cuttings of these sorts, planted 

 in a shady border, will take root, but they should be planted 

 6T 



