EUP 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



EUP 



541 



or five-cleft, dichotomous ; stem very much diffused ; leaves 

 wedge-form, quite entire, alternate ; root annual, of a slender 

 fusiform figure; umbels four-cleft or five-cleft, with the rays 

 several times dichotomous ; the branches are sometimes divi- 

 ded into a similar umbel, and are sometimes very dichoto- 

 mous ; hence the plant when grown up becomes so spread- 

 ing, and has such an abundance of branchlets and rays, as 

 to give it an appearance quite different from what it had when 

 young; flowers all fertile, solitary, io the divisions small, 

 sessile; calix smooth, pale; petals four, yellow, two broader; 

 germen smooth ; seeds brown, much wrinkled. Found near 

 Vienna, flowering from July to September. 



57. Euphorbia Apios ; Pear-rooted Spurge. Umbel four- 

 cleft, bifid ; involucels kidney-form, the first obeordate. It 

 has a knobbed pear-shaped root, from which arise two or 

 three stalks, about a foot and a half high ; leaves oblong, 

 hairy, alternate, on every side of the stalk; flowers in small 

 umbels from the divisions of the stalk, small, greenish-yellow, 

 seldom producing seeds here. Native of the island of Can- 

 dia. It may be increased by offsets from the main root: 

 these may be taken off in autumn, and planted in a shady 

 situation, where they will thrive better than in full sun. 



58. Euphorbia Lseta ; Mezereon-leaved Spurge. Umbel 

 quadrifid or quinquefid, twice dichotomous; first involucels 

 oblong, upper ones rhomb-roundish; leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 subemarginate, quite entire. The whole plant is smooth ; 

 stem shrubby, round; leaves scattered, sessile, an inch and 

 a half in length. The universal involucres resemble the leaves ; 

 the involucels of the first division are oval, oblong, somewhat 

 emarginate, half the length of the leaves ; those of the second 

 division, and the floral ones, elliptic, roundish, emarginate. 

 It flowers in June and July. Native place unknown. This 

 species, with the following, together with the ninety-second, 



I and ninety-fifth, may be propagated by cuttings during any 

 ! of the summer months, and all require protection from frost 

 in winter. The other perennials may be increased by parting 

 the roots, or sowing the seeds in autumn. They are most of 

 i them hardy enough to endure the greatest cold of this coun- 

 try, especially if they be planted in a dry soil. 

 ****** Umbel quinquefid. 



59. Euphorbia Genistoides; Broom-like Spurge. Umbel 

 quinquefid, bifid; involucels ovate; leaves linear, erect; 

 stem becoming shrubby. This is an upright shrub, with 

 branches alternate, strict, very simple, short, bearing flowers 

 at the very tip; involucre four-leaved; leaflets lanceolate, 

 the length of the umbel ; petals in form of a crescent ; cap- 

 sules smooth. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. See the 

 preceding species. 



60. Euphorbia Spinosa ; Prickly Spurge. Umbel sub- 

 quinquefid, simple ; involucels ovate, the primary ones three- 

 leaved ; leaves oblong, quite entire ; stem shrubby. The 

 branches, as they grow old, dry away, and continue on the 

 plant, so that it appears as if it had thorns. The flowers are 

 usually solitary ; petals round ; capsules warted. Native of 

 the Levant. 



61. Euphorbia Epithymoides. Umbel quinquefid, bifid; 

 involucels ovate ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, villose under- 

 neath. Native of Italy and Austria. 



62. Euphorbia Nicseensis ; Nicene Spurge. Umbel quinque- 

 fid; bifid; involucels cordate, roundish, quite entire ; leaves 

 lanceolate, mucronate, subcoriaceous ; root perennial ; stems 

 several, smooth, firm, somewhat woody, green, or reddish, 

 either simple, or a little branched near the umbel, but without 

 any involucre on the branches ; rays of the umbel twice dicho- 

 tomous, the last division two-flowered; in the axil one flower; 

 on the extreme branches two flowers, one yellow, with horned 



VOL. i. 46. 



petals, and naked, the other green, supported with two 

 bractes, and abortive ; capsules smooth, not grooved, large ; 

 universal involucre ovate, terminating in a prickle. It 

 abounds in milk. Native of the county of Nice; found also 

 by Vahl about Pampeluna. 



63. Euphorbia Dulcis ; Sweet Spurge. Umbel quinquefid. 

 bifid; involucels subovate; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, quite 

 entire; petals entire; fruit red, muricate. It varies with 

 villose leaves ; root consisting of little scaly bulbs ; stem 

 smooth, upright, simple, a foot high, red at bottom; invo- 

 lucres five-leaved, but sometimes four, three, and even two 

 leaved; flowers sessile; petals red, crescent-shaped, two- 

 horned; stamina two to five; capsule villose, warted below 

 the middle. The milk of this plant is mild. Native of the 

 south of Europe. 



64. Euphorbia Carniolica ; Carniola Sptirge. Rays of the 

 umbel nodding; involucres, involucels, and leaves, lanceo- 

 late. The peculiarities of this species are, that the leaves 

 are quite entire, spreading, sessile, acuminate, with the edges 

 pellucid and red ; that the leaves and rays of the umbels are 

 very lax; that the colour is yellowish ; that the flowers are 

 all peduncled, and most of them barren, except those at the 

 end ; they have five rounded, shining, yellow petals; and the 

 capsule is warted. The milk is mild. It flowers after the 

 end of April. Native of the shady meadows of Idria, in 

 Friuli. 



65. Euphorbia Pithyusa ; Juniper- leaved Spurge. Umbel 

 quinquefid, bifid ; involucels ovate, mucronate ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, the lowest rolled in, imbricate backwards; stems 

 shrubby, simple, many, villose, a foot high. The flowers 

 from the first division of the rays fertile, peduncled ; petals 

 reddish brown, hemispherical; capsules the size of a pea, 

 echinated with soft reddish prickles. It flowers in June and 

 July, and is a native of the south of Europe. 



66. Euphorbia Portlandica ; Portland Spurge. Umbel 

 dichotomous ; involucels subcordate, concave ; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate, smooth, spreading; stems rather shrubby, a hand- 

 breadth or more high, smooth, cylindric, red, especially dur- 

 ing the winter ; branchlets lateral, those from the lower axils 

 barren, at length growing up so as to overshadow the stem; 

 flowers subsessile, yellow ; the first and second male, having 

 very blunt petals, without horns; the rest hermaphrodite, 

 with horned petals. In the central flowers, the calix has 

 five sides, and five blunt corners, with five slight clefts, and 

 the segments are more or less toothed at the end ; the petalg 

 are hairy within ; the filamenta in number eight or nine ; the 

 germen subsessile on the lateral flowers ; the segments of the 

 calix are four ; the petals four ; the stamina fourteen or more ; 

 the filamenta surrounded at top with a ring. In all, at the 

 base of the flower, are several flat, slender, shining, woolly 

 substances, cloven at the end; fruit smooth, with the angles 

 muricate. It flowers from May till September; is marked as 

 a shrub by Linneus ; as perennial in the Kew catalogue ; and 

 as annual by Hudson and Withering. It abides two or three 

 years in gardens. It was first found upon the narrow neck 

 of land which joins Portland to Devonshire; and since that 

 near Exmouth in the same county; in abundance upon the 

 Cornish coast; and near Carnarvon in North Wales. 



67. Euphorbia Saxatilis ; Rock Spurge. Umbel quinque- 

 fid, bifid; involucres and involucels cordate ; leaves oblong, 

 smooth; stems five or six inches long, procumbent, and but 

 very few in number ; smaller or secondary branches more 

 numerous, each terminated by a rose of leaves, while the 

 older or lower leaves fall away in succession, so as to leave 

 numerous scars ; branch-leaves lanceolate ; top and flower- 

 leaves round-cordate, all sesgile; flowers smallish and yellow; 



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