684 



FUI 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



FUM 



3. Fuchsia Multiflora. Peduncles^nany-flowered. Found 

 in South America by Mutis. For its propagation and culture, 

 see the first species. 



4. Fuchsia Excorticata. Peduncles axillary, one-flowered; 

 leaves ovate, alternate. This is a very smooth tree. Leaves 

 on long petioles, hoary underneath, very finely serrate ; flow- 

 ers pendulous, very large. Native of New Zealand. For its 

 propagation and culture, see the first species. 



I 



5. Fuchsia Involucrata. Flowers involucred. Native of 



Jamaica. For its propagation, &c. see the first species. 



6. Fuchsia Rosea. Flower-stalks axillary, single-flowered; 

 leaves fasciculate, unequal and alternate, lanceolate, entire; 

 flowers drooping, with rose-coloured petals and calix. 

 Found in precipices at Valparaiso, in Chili. 



Fucus ; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order Algce. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male Vesicles: smooth, hollow, 

 with villose hairs within, interwoven. Female Vesicles; 

 smooth, filled with jelly, sprinkled with immersed grains, 

 prominent at the tip. Seed: produced in clustered tuber- 

 cles, which burst at their summits. This genus compre- 

 hends most of those plants which are commonly called Sea- 

 Weeds. Fifty-eight species are enumerated in the Systema 

 Vegctabilium, and sixty-eight British species in Dr. Wither- 

 ing's Botanical Arrangements. Turton gives a catalogue of 

 149 species. They may be all used to manure land ; or they 

 may be burned to make kelp, which is an impure fossil alkali. 

 Many of them form very beautiful specimens for the Herba- 

 rium, and are often seen disposed on paper, so as to form a 

 sort of picture. Some of the species are eaten, either fresh 

 out of the sea, or boiled tender, with butter, pepper, and 

 vinegar. If the Fucus Saccharinus be washed in spring wa- 

 ter, and then hung up in a w-arm place, a substance like sugar 

 exudes from it. The Fucus Palmatus is called by the Irish 

 dullesh; by the Scotch, dills; and in Northumberland, dulls 

 or dulse. Being soaked in fresh water, it is eaten either boiled 

 or dried, and in the latter state has something of a violet 

 flavour. It is sold dried in the streets of Dublin, being said 

 to sweeten the breath, and to kill worms. The poor in the 

 north of Ireland eat it boiled. For the fructification, and 

 mode of propagation, of these and other marine plants, 

 the reader is referred to Reaumur, in Act. Gall. 1711; 

 Gmelin, Hist. Fucorum ; and Gartner, De Fructibus et 

 Simiiultus. 



Fuirena ; a genus of the class Triandria, order Monogyniu. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: ament oblong, cylin- 

 dric, imbricate; scales channelled, wedge-shaped, three- 

 keeled, awned at the tip; awn cylindrie, straight, shorter 

 than the glume; flowers between the scales, solitary, very 

 small, sitting on a tubercle; glume, besides the amentaceous 

 scales, none. Corolla.: glume three-valved ; valves petal- 

 shaped, obrordate, somewhat membranaceous, flat, quite 

 entire, ending in an awn that is bent in. Stamina : fil.-iiuenta 

 three, linear, inserted into the receptacle between the co- 

 rolline valves; antherse linear, erect. Pistil: gernifn large, 

 three-cornered; style filiform ; stigmas two, revolute. Pe- 

 ricarp: none, except the withered corolla, enclosing the 

 seed. Seed: three-cornered, nuked, without any villose 

 hairs. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Ament imbricate, with 

 awned scales. Calix: none. Corolla: with three petal- 

 ihaped obcordate glumes, ending in a tendril. The only 

 known species is, 



1. Fuirena Paniculata. This is a lofty grass. Leaves on 

 the stem, with loose, pitcher-shaped, hairy sheaths ; panicles 

 terminating and axillary, composed of cylindrie scabrous 

 tpikelnts ; these are oblong, about three lines in length, con- 

 glomerate, blackish, imbricate with obovate, concave, rigid | 



scales, having three keels uniting at top into an awn. Na- 

 tive of .Surinam and Jamaica. 



Ftimaria ; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Hex- 

 andria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth two- 

 leaved; leaflets opposite, equal, lateral, erect, acute, small, 

 deciduous. Corolla: oblong, tubular, ringent ; palate pro- 

 minent, closing the throat; upper lip flat, obtuse, emarginate, 

 reflex. The Banner : nectary, the base of the upper lip pro- 

 minent backward, obtuse; lower lip entirely similar to the 

 upper, keeled towards the base. The Keel: nectary, the keeled 

 base, but in this less prominent ; throat four-cornered, obtuse, 

 perpendicularly bifid. The Wings. Stamina: filamenta two, 

 equal, broad, one within each lip enclosed, acuminate ; an- 

 therce three at the *end of each filamenta. Pistil: germen 

 oblong, compressed, acuminate ; style short; stigma orbicu- 

 late, erect, compressed. Pericarp: silicic one-celled. Seeds: 

 roundish. Observe. The stamina are almost the only part 

 of the fructification observed to be constant in this genus. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: two-leaved. Corolla: 

 ringent ; filamenta two, membranaceous, with three antheroe 



on each. The species are, 



* Corollas with two Spurs. 



1. Fumaria Cucullaria ; Naked-stalked Fumitory. Scape 

 naked. Root scaly, the size of a large hazel-nut; flower- 

 stalk eight or nine inches high ; root-leaves in pairs, triter- 

 nate, gashed, smooth, and slender, with red petioles ; raceme 

 terminating, simple, the flowers four or five, pendulous ; pe- 

 dicels one-flowered, with a pair of bractes to each, opposite, 

 ovate, red, small ; calix ovate, pressed close, small, white ; 

 corolla white ; border yellow, two-lipped ; lips equal, con- 

 cave, reflex, ovate, entire ; throat closed, yellow, the sides 

 widened at the edge, and moistened with nectareous juice. 

 Perennial. It flowers in June and July, and is a native of 

 Virginia and Canada. It is propagated by offsets from the 

 roots, and loves a shady situation and a light soil. The best 

 time to transplant it is in autumn, when the leaves are decay- 

 ed, for it shoots pretty early in the spring, so that it would 

 not be safe to remove them at that season. 



2. Fumaria SpectabilLs. Flowers two-lobed behind ; stem 

 leafy, erect. This is a fine plant, with very large handsome 

 flowers. The branches proceed from the axils of the leaves, 

 and are but few. The raceme has no bractes. The corolla 

 is the size of the last joint of the thumb, divided at the back 

 of it into two equal rounded lobes. Native of Siberia. 



3. Fumaria Fungosa ; Spongy-flowered Fumitory. Flowers 

 bigibbous at the base ; siliques linear, ancipital, covered by an 

 inflated fungous corolla; leaves climbing. Annual : flower- 

 ing from June to September. Native of North America. 



** Corollas with one Spur. 



4. Fumaria Nobilis; Great-flowered Fumitory. Stems 

 simple; bractes shorter than the flower, undivided; root- 

 leaves seven to nine, a span in length, bipinnate ; scapes one 

 or two, oblique, five-cornered ; raceme very blunt ; the flowers 

 directed one way ; bractes ovate-lanceolate, entire. Flowers 

 double the size of the fifth species, white, with a yellow bor- 

 der, smelling like Cowslips. It flowers in May, ami is a na- 

 tive of Siberia. Both this and the next species are propa- 

 gated by offsets, as other bulbous-rooted flowers ; they are 

 very pretty ornament-s to borders in a small garden. They are 

 extremely hardy, but do not increase very fast, seldom pro- 

 ducing seeds with us ; and their bulbs do not multiply very 

 much, especially if they are often transplanted. They love a 

 light sandy soil, and should be suffered to remain three years 

 undisturbed, in which time they will produce several offsets. 

 The best season for transplanting them is from May till Au- 

 gust, when the leaves begin to die oft". 



