68C 



FUN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



F U S 



Denmark and Britain, in woods and moist hedges, boggy 

 and rocky places in a sandy soil, on the banks of lakes and 

 rivers, and on the thatch of cottages. It is found on Black- 

 heath, and about Charlton and Greenwich ; at Snaresbrook 

 near Woodford, in Essex ; on the banks of the Trent near 

 Ouseley, in Staffordshire; in the hedges between Bala in 

 Merionethshire and Pimble-meer ; above great Malvern 

 tower ; about Birmingham ; on the rocks of Stonehall near 

 Hawdon, seven miles from Leeds ; at Thorpe near Norwich ; 

 it Kendal in Westmoreland ; near Whitwick in Leicestershire ; 

 >*(! in the quarries at Innerkeith in Scotland. It flowers 

 ;':om the end of May to the end of July. 



15. Fumaria Vesicaria; Bladdered Fumitory. Siliques 

 globular, acute, inflated ; leaves cirrhose ; pericarp double, 

 composed of the third or outer involucre, arising from the 

 germen itself, and of the capsule within the involucre ; invo- 

 lucre large, somewhat leathery, inflated, globular, acuminate 

 at the end, two-valved ; the valves cohering with the capsules 

 by means of a thready cellular substance ; capsule placed in 

 the axis of the involucre, oblong, acuminate to both ends, a 

 little flatted, membranaceous in the middle, very thin, dia- 

 phanous, but at each side thickened, suberous, opaque, one- 

 celled, valveless, bursting irregularly by the involucre when 

 it opens; seeds numerous, rounded, kidney-form, towards 

 the navel slightly flatted, dark-coloured, very smooth, and 

 shining, fixed to the thickened edges of the capsule. The 

 flowers are in loose panicles, from the sides of the stalks, 

 of a whitish yellow colour. It flowers in July. Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. This is propagated by seeds, which 

 should be sown upon a moderate hot-bed in the spring; and 

 when the plants are fit to remove, they must be each planted 

 in a small pot filled with light earth, and plunged again into 

 the hot-bed, where they must be shaded from the sun till 

 they have taken new root ; after which, they should have a 

 large share of air admitted to them at all times in mild wea- 

 ther, to prevent tlieir drawing up weak; and, as soon as the 

 season is favourable, they should be inured to bear the open 

 air, to which they may be removed in the beginning of June. 

 At that time they may be taken out of the pots, preserving 

 all the earth to their roots, and planting them in a warm bor- 

 der, where their stalks should be supported with sticks, to 

 prevent their trailing on the ground; and in July the plants 

 will flower, and continue a succession of flowers till the frost 

 destroys the plants. The seeds ripen in autumn. 



Fumitory. See Fumaria. 



Fumitory, Bulbous. See Ado.ra. 



Funaria ; a genus of Moss, the same with the Koelreutera 

 ofHedwig; founded by him on the Mnium Hygrometricum 

 of Linneus and others. It has an angular veil, a double 

 fringe with oblique or twisted teeth, and a very slightly pro- 

 minent lid. 



Funyi or Fungus, (from o-Troyyoc, on account of its spongy 

 nature,) Mushrooms : Cryptogamia Fungi, the last order in 

 the last class in the Linnean System, and kept together as 

 one class under every arrangement. Hitherto we know so 

 little about the fructification of Funguses, that we are obliged 

 to take the characters from the general external form. It is 

 evident that they are vegetables, and produce seed, by which 

 they have been propagated ; and they seem to belong to the 

 class Monoecia. Hedwig has made some important disco- 

 veries respecting the fructification of Funguses, by the use of 

 powerful magnifiers. " He thinks he has discovered stamina 

 in the threads, which appear on the edge of the capor pileus, 

 on the membrane or valve, or on the stem itself. The seeds 



are a dark powder in the gills of the Agarics ; in the Boletti 

 they are within the membranes that line the tubes; in Peziza 

 Cyathoides they appear to be enclosed in a sort of pod. The 

 black powder in the Lycoperdon and Mucor was mistaken for 

 animalcules by Baron Munckhausen, and thus the Fungi were 

 on the verge of migrating into the class of the Zoophytes. 

 Mr. Ellis, however, has shewn satisfactorily that the motion 

 of the globules which caused the Baron's mistake, was occa- 

 sioned by a number of very minuta animalcules feeding upon 

 them, and these, being much smaller than the globules, are 

 difficult to detect. Many of the Fungus tribe are much es- 

 teemed in foreign countries, as a luxurious food, on account 

 of their high flavour. In England, we generally confine our- 

 selves to the Agaricus Campestris, which is exclusively the 

 mushroom, the morel), and the truffle, and for which we 

 refer our readers to the articles Agaricus, Phallus, and Ly- 

 coperdon. In Russia, we are informed, that they are eaten 

 almost indiscriminately, and salted down for winter use. That 

 many have imbibed disease, and some even lost their lives, 

 from eating voraciously or incautiously of Funguses, is cer- 

 tain : it is doubtful, however, whether many of them be really 

 poisonous in the strict use of the word ; but the difficulty 

 lies in the discrimination. A great variety of insects feed 

 on the different species, particularly the larvse or maggots of 

 many of the fly genus. Some Funguses have been found 

 of considerable use in stopping haemorrhages ; and the acri- 

 monious qualities of others will, probably, at some future 

 period, be turned to good account. For farther particulars 

 of this tribe, see Agaricus, Boletus, Clathrus, Clavaria, 

 Hehella, Hydnum, Lycoperdon, Mucor, Peziza, Phallus, 

 and Splueria. 



Fusanus ; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Monoecia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite. Calix : perianth 

 one-leafed, turbinate, half five-cleft, (according to Berg, four- 

 cleft,) clefts ovate-acute, from flat spreading, with the tips 

 gibbose-uncinate, somewhat concave. Corolla: none. Sta- 

 mina : filamenta four, linear, grooved in the middle, a little 

 longer than the germen, inserted into the calix near it, and 

 occupying the sinus of it; anthene roundish, compressed, 

 four-lobed, erect. Pistil: germen large, turbinate, almost 

 inferior, wide at top, from flat somewhat concave, striated, 

 quadrangular, with four hollowed sinuses, on each side of 

 the germen, solitary; style thick, very short, subquadran- 

 gular; stigmas four, obtuse, cruciform, small. Pericarp: 

 a drupe. Male. Cfdix, &c. as in the hermaphrodite, but 

 the fruit abortive. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Hermaphro- 

 dite. Calix: five-cleft. Corolla: none. Stamina: four. Ger- 

 men: inferior. Stigmas: four. Male. Calix, &c. like the her- 

 maphrodite. Fruit: abortive. The only species hitherto 



discovered is, 



1. Fusanus Compressus; Flat-stalked Fusanus. This is a 

 tree, with compressed and uncipital branches ; leaves oppo- 

 site, obovate, blunt with a point, flat, quite entire, smooth, 

 on short petioles ; racemes from the axils of the branches, 

 erect, compressed, scarcely longer than the leaves. The 

 number of parts in the flower, four or five. The fruitful 

 tree has a three-leaved involucre at the base of the germen, 

 with five glands. According to Jussieu, it is a glaucous 

 shrub, with opposite branches. Native of the Cape. It is 

 propagated by cuttings, planted early in the summer, in a 

 good loamy earth, in pots, set in a glass-case or hot-bed, 

 shaded and watered gently till they have struck root. 



Furze. See Ulex. 



Fustick-wood. See Morus Tinctoria. 



