690 



GAL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



GAL 



frost, In the summer they may be exposed in the open air, 

 with other plants of the same country, and in dry weather 

 they must be frequently watered. They may be both propa- 

 gated by cuttings, which, when planted during any of the 

 summer months, and frequently watered, will take root in 

 five or six weeks, and may then be treated in the same way 

 as the old plants. 



2. Galenia Procumbens ; Trailing Galenia. Leaves ovate, 

 channelled, with spreading recurved points. Grows at the 

 Cape of Good Hope. 



Galeopsis; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Gym- 

 nospermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, tubular, five-toothed, ending in awns the length of 

 the tube, permanent. Corolla: monopetalous, ringent; tube 

 short ; border gaping ; throat a little wider than the tube ; at 

 the length of the calix, above the base of the upper lip, put- 

 ting out on each side an acuminate toothlet, concave under- 

 neath ; upper lip roundish, concave, serrate at the tip; lower 

 trifid, the lateral divisions roundish, the middle one larger, 

 emarginate, notched. Stamina: filamenta four, subulate, 

 concealed beneath the upper lip, two of them shorter ; an- 

 therae roundish, bifid. Pistil: germen quadrind; style fili- 

 form, length and situation of the stamina; stigma bifid, acute. 

 Pericarp: none; calix stiff, straight, containing the seeds 

 in the bottom. Seeds: four, three-sided, truncate. Observe. 

 The first species has the upper lip of the corolla scarcely 

 notched ; it is reflex a little at the tip. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Corolla : upper lip notched a little, vaulted ; lower 

 has two teeth above. All the species, except the fourth, are 

 annual, and must be propagated from seeds ; but being com- 

 mon weeds, are seldom cultivated in gardens : they are not, 

 however, very injurious weeds, nor very difficult of extir- 

 pation. The species are, 



1. Galeopsis Ladanum; Red Deadnettle, or Nettle-hemp, 

 Narrow-leaved All Heal, or Iromvort. Internodes of the 

 stem equal ; whorls remote ; calices not pungent ; leaves 

 petioled, of a pale green colour, linear-lanceolate, almost 

 naked ; root annual ; stem upright, a foot high, purplish, 

 somewhat hairy, or nearly smooth, brachiate, the knots 

 scarcely swoln ; corolla reddish purple, and somewhat villose ; 

 upper lip toothed, lower lip bent back, irregularly notched, 

 with two oval yellow spots within, but underneath and on the 

 outside many small white globules. It is common in corn- 

 fields in a calcareous soil, flowering from June to August. 



2. Galeopsis Villosa ; Hairy Deadnettle, or Nettle-hemp; 

 Yellow Ironwort. Internodes equal ; whorls remote ; leaves 

 lanceolate-serrate, villose ; root annual, branched ; stem 

 thicker, higher, and more branched, than the foregoing, pur- 

 plish, obscurely quadrangular, grooved, and villose. Native 

 of Germany, Switzerland, and England, as in sandy corn- 

 fields of Cambridgeshire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire, and 

 Lancashire; and about Bangor in Wales: flowering in July 

 and August. 



3. Galeopsis Tetrahit ; Common or Hemp-leaved Deadnettle. 

 Internodes thickened at top; upper whorls almost contiguous ; 

 calices somewhat pungent; root annual; stem upright, covered 

 with stiffhairs, swoln under the joints; flowers sessile, seven- 

 teen or eighteen in a whorl, each whorl supported by a pair 

 of leaves, and subulate, thorny bractes ; corolla twice as long 

 as the calix, either purple or white, with a spot on the lower 

 lip, variegated with purple and yellow: every part of this 

 plant is rough with very sharp prickles, and has a strong 

 smell when bruised. In Yorkshire it is called dea-nettle, 

 which is probably a corruption of dead-nettle. There is a 

 variety, the flower of which is large and elegant, about twice 

 the size of the above ; the corolla is four times as long as the 



calix, straw-coloured, and the lower lip spotted with purple. 

 Haller, Miller, Pollich, and Krocker, make it a separate 

 species ; but the structure of the whole plant is the same, 

 only the parts are much larger and softer. There are several 

 other varieties, but none worth enumerating. Native of Ger- 

 many, Switzerland, and Sweden : it is found in the northern 

 counties of Great Britain ; also at the bottom of Bibton lane, 

 near Woodford. It grows in corn-fields, and on the borders 

 of them, on waste grounds, in coppice-woods, &c. flowering 

 in July and August. 



4. Galeopsis Galeobdolon ; Yellow Deadnettle, or Nettle- 

 hemp. Six flowers in a whorl ; involucre of four leaves ; 

 (flowers six to twelve, with an involucre of as many leaves as 

 flowers.) There has been a great diversity of opinion respect- 

 ing this species ; some have asserted it to be of another ge- 

 nus : we shall however leave it where Linneus has placed it. 

 Root perennial ; stems several, somewhat hirsute, furrowed, 

 those producing flowers are nearly upright, from a foot to 

 two feet in height, the barren stems, after flowering time is 

 past, extend to a great length and creep. It flowers in May 

 and June, and is found with variegated leaves. It is a native 

 of Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Carniola, Italy, 

 and England, wb^re it is frequent, as in Charlton, Hamp- 

 stead, and some other woods near London : in Kent, Essex, 

 Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Worcestershire, Stafford- 

 shire, and Warwickshire. This plant is perennial, and may 

 be propagated plentifully by the runners which it throws out 

 too abundantly. When the foliage is variegated, it makes a 

 beautiful appearance in a garden. This being a wood plant, 

 it should not be much exposed to the sun. 



Galium ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth very small, 

 four-toothed, superior; in some species none. Corolla: one- 

 petalled, wheel-shaped, four-parted, sharp, without any tube. 

 Stamina : filamenta four, subulate, shorter than the corolla ; 

 anthercc simple. Pistil: germen twin, inferior; style filiform, 

 half two-cleft, length of the stamina; stigmas globular. 

 Pericarp: berries two, dry, globular, united. Seeds: solitary, 

 kidney-form, large. Observe. Some species have two styles. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: one-petalled, flat. Seeds: 

 two, roundish. Most of the plants of this genus being desti- 

 tute of beauty, and being subject to spread, and overrun 

 whatever plants grow near them, are seldom cultivated, 

 except in botanic gardens ; the perennials may be easily 

 propagated by parting their roots either in spring or autumn; 

 and they will grow in almost any soil and situation. If the 

 annuals be permitted to scatter their seeds, they will main 

 tain themselves in a garden without any culture, except tha 

 of preventing other weeds from overgrowing them. 

 species are, 



* With a smooth Fruit. 



1. Galium Rubioides ; Madder-leaved Ladies' Bedstratu 

 Leaves in fours, lanceolate-ovate, equal, scabrous under- 

 neath ; stem erect, purplish-brown ; the panicle of flowers is 

 short and conglomerate ; corolla white ; seeds very smooth 

 and glossy. Perennial. It flowers in July, and is a native 

 of the Palatinate, Silesia, and Idria. 



2. Galium Palustre ; White Ladies' Bedstraw. Leaves in 

 fours, obovate, unequal ; stem flaccid, branched from the 

 joints, a foot long, the corners set with sharp hooked prickles 

 pointing downwards; root slender, creeping, perennial; 

 flowers numerous, white, on lateral and terminating pedun- 

 cles, which are usually trifid, and subdivided. It flowers in 

 July, and is common on the banks of rivers, ditches, and 

 moist meadows. 



3. Galium Trifidum. Leaves in fours, linear; stem pro- 



