696 



GAR 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL: 



GAR 



Gardenia; a genus of the class Pcntaudria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Culuc : perUnih one- 

 leafed, five-cleft, superior; divisions upright, permanent. 

 Corolla: ona-petalled, funnel-form, or salver-form ; tube cy- 

 lindric, longer than the calix ; border flat, five-parted. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta none; antheroe five, inserted into the 

 mouth of the tube, linear, streaked, half the length of the 

 border. Pistil: gernien inferior; style filiform, or club- 

 shaped ; stigma standing out, ovate, obtuse, two-lobed, often 

 furrowed. Pericarp: berry dry, one, two, or four celled. 

 Seeds : very many, flatted, imbricate, in rows. Observe ; 

 According to Thunberg, the most natural number of the 

 parts of the flower is five; but they vary as far as nine in the 

 anthers, as likewise in the divisions of the calix and corolla. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: one-petalled, contorted 

 or twisted. Stic/ma: lobed. Berry: inferior, two to four 



celled, many-seeded.- The species are, 



* Without Thorns. 



\. Gardenia Radicans; Rooting Gardenia. Corollas ob- 

 tuse; calix angular; leaves elliptic; stem rooting, decum- 

 bent, smooth, the thickness of a reed, about a foot high, put- 

 ting out roots at bottom ; branches opposite, tubercled with 

 rudiments of leaves, flexuose, upright; flowers solitary, sub- 

 sessile, at the ends of the branches. It is commonly culti- 

 vated in Japan, where it flowers in June and July. 



2. Gardenia Florida; Fragrant Gardenia; or Cape Jasmin. 

 Corollas salver-shaped ; calicine segments vertical, lanceo- 

 late-subulate ; stem large and woody, sending out many 

 branches, which are first green, but the bark of which after- 

 wards becomes gray and smooth ; the branches come out by 

 pairs opposite, and nave short joints ; the leaves also are op- 



(osite, close to the branches, five inches long, and two and a 

 alf broad in the middle, of a lucid green, having several 

 transverse veins from the midrib, entire, and of a thick con- 

 sistence : the flowers are produced at the ends of the branches, 

 sitting close to the leaves ; when fully blown, the double flower 

 is as Targe as a middling-sized rose : it has a very agreeable 

 odour on the first approach, something like that of the 

 orange-flower, but, on being more closely smelt to, like the 

 common double white Narcissus. It varies with single and 

 double flowers; the flowers appear in July and August. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Cochin-china, China, Ja- 

 pan, Surat, Amboyna, and the South Sea islands. There 

 are hedges of it in Japan, and the Japanese are very fond of 

 it near their houses, and in the walks of their gardens : both 

 in Japan and China the fruit is used for dyeing yellow; the 

 mucilage pressed out with the seeds, yields a fine yellow co- 

 lour; that from the seeds only is lighter, but tinges water of 

 a lively yellow, and is said to dye silk of a deep orange, or 

 even scarlet, but not of the deep China scarlet. -^-This plant 

 is easily propagated by cuttings, during the summer season, 

 planted in pots plunged into a moderate hot-bed, covered 

 close with bell or hand glasses, and screened from the sun. 

 When they have taken root, they should be carefully parted, 

 and put each into a separate small pot, plunging them again 

 into the hot-bed, and shading them until they have taken new 

 root, after which they should be gradually inured to the open 

 air. Though the cuttings strike freely, and make strong shoots 

 a year or two after, yet in three or four years they are apt to 

 be stinted in their growth, the leaves turn pale and sickly, and 

 the plants frequently die soon after. The other sorts are 

 propagated in the same manner. 



3. Gardenia Thunbergia ; Starry Gardenia. Corollas 

 salver-shaped; calices bursting laterally, with the segments 

 dilated at the tip; leaves elliptic. This is a tree about two 

 fathoms in height, smooth, and branching very much ; 



branches alternate, round, having rings on them from the 

 rudiments of leaves, ash-coloured, smooth, erect, branch- 

 letted ; flowers on the branchlets terminating, solitary, ses- 

 sile, erect; berry ovate, somewhat wrinkled, smooth, green- 

 ish, turning while, one-celled, five-valved, the size of a hen's 

 egg, continuing several years without opening or falling, hav- 

 ing a woody hard bark, and scarcely any pulp. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. 



4. Gardenia Latitblia; Broad-leaved Gardenia. Corollas 

 salver-shaped ; calicine segments subulate, obtusely keeled; 

 leaves obovate-rouudish. Native of the East Indies. 



5. Gardenia Gummiftra; Gummy Gardenia. Corollas 

 obtuse; calix rough with hairs; leaves oblong, obtuse. A 

 gum resin, very much like gum-elemi, exudes from the clefts 

 of the bark, and from the leaves. Nutive of Ceylon. 



6. Gardenia Musstcnda. Corollas acute; calix rough 

 with hairs ; leaves ovate, acute. It is shrubby, with round 

 branches, rough with hairs; stipules between the leares, 

 solitary, dilated at the base, subulate; flowers axillary, and 

 at the ends of very short branches, solitary, sessile. Native 

 of South America. 



7. Gardenia Genipa. Leaves oblong lanceolate; pedun- 

 cles axillary, many-liowered ; corollas alver-shaped, with an 

 abbreviated tube. Swartz describes this as a thornless shrub, 

 with oblong-lanceolate leaves, axillary, many-flowered pedun- 

 cles, and salver-shaped corollas, with a short tube. Native 

 of South America. 



8. Gardenia Kothmannia; Spotted-flowered Gardenia. 

 Corollas funnel-ahaped ; calicine segments subulate; leaves 

 oblong ; stem arboreous, erect, branching very much, a fa- 

 thom and a half in height; brunches and branchlets oppo- 

 site, somewhat angular, striated, rugged, erect, ferruginous; 

 flowers on the branchlets terminating, solitary, sessile ; berry 

 ovate, fleshy, angular, with about twelve obscure lines, 

 smooth, two-valved, one-celled, pulpy, the size of a small 

 pear, black when ripe, opening on one side, and falling from 

 the tree when dry ; pulp soft, like that of the tamarind : the 

 wood of this is very hard ; flowers white, smelling very sweet, 

 especially during the night. Native of the Cape. 



** Thorny. 



9. Gardenia Spinosa; Thorny Gardenia. Stem shrubby; 

 branches round, smooth, spiny, rigid ; leaves from buds be- 

 low the spines, several, subsessile, ovate, obtuse, entire, 

 smooth, spreading, unequal ; flowets sessile, hirsute, axillary, 

 solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped, white. Native of China, 

 near Macao. 



10. Gardenia Dumetorum ; Bushy Gardenia. Thorns 

 opposite, longer than the leaves ; gerniina smooth. This HI, 

 a very thorny shrub, with very stiff, round, smooth branches} 

 thorns in pairs, an inch long, simple, horizontal, decussated, 

 straight, very sli6f, smooth, coming out above the origin of 

 the twigs ; leaves obovate, entire, very smooth, opposite, a- 

 little smaller than those of Box; rlowers solitary, small, fra- 

 grant, on short pedicels at the end of each twig. Native of 

 the East Indies. See the second species. 



11. Gardenia Micranthus. Stem shrubby; branches 

 round, villose, spiny ; branchlets capillary, few, roujfh with 

 hairs, spiny; flowers sessile, smooth, axillary, two or three, 

 the size of a grain of rice; styls capillary, white, the length, 

 of the corolla; stigma globular. Native of China, and the 

 islq of Ceylon. 



12. Gardenia Scandens: Climbing Gardenia. Climbing; 

 flowers peduncled ; stem shrubby ; branches round, smooth, 

 ash-coloured, spiny, climbing; leaves from the buds below 

 the spines aggregate, ovate, bluntish, entire, smooth, spread- 

 ing, unequal, on very short petioles ; stipules bristle-shaped; 



