G EU 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



G I N 





rific, and says that it is good in nervous complaints, and 

 that he has known it alone to have cured intermittent fevers, 

 even where the bark has been unsuccessful. The root has 

 been found useful in several chronic disorders, as a general 

 tonic and astringent; and experiments evince its antiseptic 

 power to exceed that of the Peruvian bark. This, like all 

 the other plants of the genus, may be propagated by seeds, 

 which should be sown in. autumn ; for when they are sown in 

 the spring, they do not grow the same year. 



4. Geum Japouicum. Flowers upright; fruits hirsute; 

 awns naked; leaves with three lobes or more; stalk round, 

 Hexuose, upright, hirsute, a foot high or more, sometimes, 

 but seldom, a little branched at top; branches alternate, very 

 short, somewhat tomeutose ; flowers terminating the stem and 

 branches, solitary. Native of Japan. 



5. Geum Rivale; Water Avens. Flowers nodding; awns 

 hooked, villose ; petals retuse, roundish-wedge-shaped ; 

 leaves pinnate ; root creeping, reddish, astringent, aromatic, 

 smelling like cloves; stem a foot high, upright, round, and 

 branched, bending at top, but becoming erect as the fruit 

 ripens ; peduncles purplish, hirsute, with hairs terminating 

 in a red globule, becoming less bent as the seeds ripen. It 

 flowers from the end of May till autumn, and varies with 

 yellow flowers, which frequently become double and pro- 

 liferous. The powdered root is beneficial in diarrhoeas and 

 haemorrhages ; and is much used by the Canadians in the 

 cure of tertian agues. It will cure malt-liquor of its ropi- 

 ness. Native of most countries in Europe, where it is found 

 in moist pastures and woods, and indicates, according to 

 Linneus, a barren soil, unfit for corn. It is also found in the 

 Levant, and in North America. With us it is more common 

 in the north ; as, on the water of Leith near Edinburgh, and 

 other parts of Scotland, on moorish grounds ; near Settle and 

 Ingleton, in Yorkshire; in Lancashire, and generally. by the 

 sides of rivers, and on mountains, in many parts of the 

 northern counties; near Chevely and Wood-Ditton in Cam- 

 bridgeshire ; in Wolverton wood near Lynn ; at Marham near 

 Swaff ham, and near Norwich in Norfolk ; in a bog near Sud- 

 bury in Suffolk ; near Aston in Warwickshire ; and upon 

 Snowden, and various parts of Wales. 



6. Geum Hybridum ; Mule Avens. - Flower nodding; calix 

 leafy, longer than the polypelalout corolla. This seems to 

 be a mule plant, produced between the foregoing and sub- 

 sequent species : it is much taller than- the first, and a'larger 

 plant. The lower leaves are interruptedly pinnate, with three 

 pairs of leaflets, besides the smaller ones, and tkat at the 

 end, which is very large ; calix duskier purple, tinged with 

 green ; corolla yellow, only tinged with purple at the edge, 

 about the same length with the calix, having sometimes 

 more petals than five. 



7. Geum Montanum ; Mountain Avens. Stem one-flow- 

 ered ; awns straight, villose ; leaves pinnate, hairy ; outmost 

 leaflet very large and roundish* the lower Dnes gradually 

 smaller ; root-leaves in a tuft, on petioles of different lengths ; 

 these are hairy, and have several pairs of leaflets on them, 

 the lowest very small, the succeeding* ones gradually larger, 

 and the pair immediately under the great terminating leaflet 

 much bigger than any of the rest ; the extreme leaflet is two 

 or three inches in length and breadth, obscurely lobed, gash- 

 serrate, and veined ; flowers large, solitary, spreading, up- 

 right ; calix wide, hairy, green. The small mountain avens 

 is made a distinct species by Mr. Miller, who says that it is 

 a very low plant, with flower-stalks about three inches long, 

 bending on one side, each terminated by one bright yellow 

 flower. In its native places it flowers in June mid July, 

 and in our gardens from May to September. Native of 



the mountains of Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, and Duu- 

 phiny. 



8. Geum Potentilloides ; Siberian Avens. Stem one or 

 two flowered ; awns straight, naked ; calices of the fruit up- 

 right; leaves pinnate- toothed. On account of the ripe calix 

 being bell-shaped, the corolla yellow and five-petalied, the 

 receptacle elongated, the awns naked and jointed, this Ap- 

 proaches nearer to a Geum than a Dryas. Receptacle cylin- 

 dric, slender, excavated, naked, a little shorter than the calix ; 

 seeds numerous, obovate, gibbous on one side, thence com- 

 prised into a straight keel, shagreened on all sides with raised 

 dots, of a brown ferruginous colour; awn straight like a 

 needle. It flowers in June. Native of Siberia. 



9. Geum Reptans ; Creeping Avens. Stems one-flowered ; 

 awns straight, villose; leaves pinnate, gashed, hairy; runners 

 creeping; root large and woody; flower much larger than the 

 seventh species; calix green, with the segments often reddish; 

 petals yellow, emarginate, marked with lines much larger 

 than the calix; the whole corolla sometimes two inches m 

 diameter. It flowers in June and July, and is a native of 

 Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, Savoy, and 1'iedmont. 



Ghinia; a genus of the class Diaudria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 tubular, permanent; mouth expanded, five-toothed, acumi- 

 nate. Corolla: one-petalled, irregular ; tube long, narrow ; 

 border two lipped ; upper lip largest, roundish, concave, as- 

 cending ; lower three-parted ; segments roundish ; the middle 

 one largest, bent down, emarginate. Stamina: filamenla 

 four, inserted into the tube above the base, two longer than 

 the others ; antheree with oblong cells, one at the end, fertile 

 in the longer filamenta, barren in the shorter, the other in- 

 serted toward^ the middle of the filamentum, in the shape of 

 a soale. Pistil: germen roundish; style the length of the 

 tube ; stigma four-lobed. Pericarp : drupe turbinate, angu- 

 lar, longer than the calix, which is permanent. Seed: nut 

 angular, four or five celled, with one seed in each cell ; ac- 

 cording to Swartz, four-cornered, four-spined at the end, 

 four-celled, with solitary kernels. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Calix: five-toothed; teeth acuminate. Corolla: two- 

 lipped. Stamina : four, with two barren antheree at the end 

 of the shorter filamenta. Pericarp: a drupe containing a 

 four or five celled nut, with a seed in each cell; Swartz calls 

 it u. fleshy four-celled nut. The species are, 



1. Ghinia Spinosa. Fruits four-spined ; stem slender, 

 woody, branching, nearlythree feet high ; leaves oval, sharp- 

 ly indented, light green> on short footstalks ; flowers distant, 

 sessile, in a loose spike, on slender, naked, axillary pedun- 

 cles, six or seven inches in length; corollas small, bright 

 blue ; seeds two, terminated by short awns, and inclosed in 

 the calix. Annual, and a native of the West Indies. 



2. Ghinia Mutica. Fruits without spines ; stems strong, 

 straight, and a little woody; leaves rounded or subovate, 

 deeply toothed, having short hairs on both surfaces ; petiole 

 three or four lines in length; spikes axillary, opposite; 

 flowers solitary, few, alternate, pedicelled, with a small 



.linear bracte at the base of each pedicel ; corolla blue. Na- 

 tive of Guiana, and the island of Cayenne. 



Gillifiovter ; See Dianthus. 



GiWJlowiT, Stock. See Cheiranthits. 



Cilliflower, Queen's, or Dame's Violet. See Hcsperis. 



Ginannia; a genus of the class Enneandri.t, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Cult* : perianth double; 

 outer one-leafed, bifid, acute ; inner one-leafed, cup-shaped, 

 four or five cleft ; segments oval, concave, obtuse, spreading, 

 one larger than the rest. Corolla : petals three, oblong, 

 obtuse, fringed, spreading, inserted into the larger segmeut 



