634 



COS 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



GR A 



than the stamina, three or five-cleft at top, inclined. This 

 species, says Browne, is in a few gardens in Jamaica, but is 

 not much cultivated ; for the cotton is not thought to be so 

 good; and the seeds are so small, that it is a difficult matter 

 to separate them from the cotton. It grows, however, more 

 luxuriant than the common sort, and rises generally from 

 seven to nine feet high, bearing a great number of seed-ves- 

 sels on all the branches. Swartz mentions a variety of this 

 species, which is called cotonier de soie, the cotton of which 

 is better than any of the rest. 



4. Gossypium Religiosura; Spotted-bark Cotton Tree. 

 Leaves three-lobed, acute, with one gland underneath; twigs 

 spotted with black. According to Swartz, the stem is a 

 fathom in height, biennial, roundish, rugged ; branches 

 spreading very much, angular, striated ; upper leaves three- 

 lobed, lower five-lobed ; lobes ovate, entire, nerved, pubes- 

 cent, with three glandular pores underneath on the mid-ribs 

 of the leaves; petioles long, round, patulous, hirsute, with 

 black atoms scattered over them ; flowers opposite to the 

 petioles, large, fulvous, on dotted peduncles; outer calix 

 subtriphyllous, pubescent, dotted; the segments large, deeply 

 and unequally toothed ; the inner is very short, and five- 

 lobed, in waves ; capsule leathery, thickish, three-celled, 

 three-valved ; the partitions inserted in the middle of the 

 valves, which are wrinkled within, and the edges turn back 

 after they are open. There is no receptacle, but the seeds 

 are fixed in a double row to the central angle of the cells ; 

 seeds about six in each cell, ovate, tapering towards the um- 

 bilicus, convex on one side, angular on the other, and white. 

 It flowers in July. Native of India, China, and the Society 

 Isles. In China it is cultivated for the purpose of making 

 the cloth usually called Nankeens in Europe, the down 

 having a yellow tinge, which it preserves when spun and 

 woven into cloth. 



5. Gossypium Latifolium; Broad-leaved Cotton. Leaves 

 acute, the lowest undivided, the rest three-lobed, with one 

 gland underneath. Stem four or five feet high, perpendicu- 

 lar, round, straighter at the base, the thickness of a swan's 

 quill ; above flexuose and thicker, somewhat angular, swel- 

 ling at the origin of the branches, green, rugged, pubescent, 

 branched ; flowers solitary, commonly one only on each 

 branch ; peduncle short, three-sided, opposite to the leaf. 

 The stem, branches, petioles, peduncles, young leaves, and 

 smaller veins of those which are more advanced, are dotted 

 with black. The calix also is dotted; the outer three-leaved, 

 and also three-sided ; the leaflets cordate, laciniated ; the 

 segments lanceolate, converging; the inner only one-third 

 of the length, urceolate, striated, five-parted, with short acu- 

 minate segments ; corolla as large as that of the Hollyhock, 

 white, turning red as it withers, without any spots at the base, 

 where it is hirsute; pistil longer than the stamina; seeds in 

 each cell four to six or more, in a double row, involved in 

 very white cotton. Cultivated in the West Indies. 



6. Gossypium Barbadense ; Burbadoes Cotton Tree. 

 Leaves three-lobed, quite entire, with three glands under- 

 neath. Stem from six to fifteen feet in height, suffruticose, 

 biennial, smooth ; branches almost erect, round and smooth, 

 or pubescent; petioles five or six inches long, roundish, 

 patulous, smooth, or sometimes pubescent, one-flowered ; 

 flowers large, yellow, finally turning red ; outer calix half 

 five-cleft; segments acute, smooth, or pubescent, or having 

 black atoms scattered over them ; inner having three or five 

 minute blunt teeth ; petals having a purple spot at the base, 

 and smooth on the outside; filamenta shorter than the petals; 

 antheree yellow or fulvous ; gennen roundish, acuminate ; 

 style three or five cleft at top ; capsule ovate, roundish, 



smooth, sometimes doited with black, three-celled, three- 

 valved; seeds oblong, eight to twelve, black, easily sepa- 

 rated from the cotton. Swartz informs us, that this, and the 

 third and fourth species, are not easily distinguished ; for 

 they vary in the size of the parts, the division rod pubes- 

 cence of the leaves, the colour, adherence, and tenacity of 

 the cotton, and the number of glands at the back of the 

 leaves ; so that it is difficult to ascertain which are species, 

 and which are varieties. This is the species which is so 

 much cultivated in the West Indies, and forms a consider- 

 able branch of their exports. An emulsion of the seeds of 

 this plant is recommended in the bloody flux ; and an oil is 

 obtained from them by expression, which supplies the boil- 

 ing-house lamps in some plantations. See the description of 

 the method of cultivation under the first species. 



Gouania; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Mo- 

 ncecia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodites. Calix: 

 perianth one-leafed, superior, funnel-form, five-cleft; tube 

 permanent ; segments ovate, acute, spreading, deciduous. 

 Corolla : none. Stamina : filamenta five, subulate, length 

 of the calix, and alternate with the segments; antheree 

 roundish, incumb'ent, veiled; veil like a cowl, elastic. Pis- 

 til: germen inferior; style subulate, half three-cleft ; stigmas 

 obtuse. Pericarp: fruit dry, three-sided, divisible into three 

 seeds. Seeds : three parts of the fruit roundish, inclin- 

 ed to three-sided, two-winged. Males, on the same plant. 

 Calix, Corolla, and Stamina : as in the hermaphrodites. 

 Pistil: germen none; style as in the hermaphrodites ; stig- 

 mas obscure, or none. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Herma- 

 phrodites. Calix: five-cleft. Corolla: none. Antheree: five, 

 under a veil. Style: three-cleft; fruit inferior, tfipartile. 



Male: similar, but without germen and stigma. The only 



known species is, 



1. Gouania Domingensis ; Chaw Stick. Stem shrubby, 

 and climbing like hops by axillary tendrils ; leaves ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, acuminate, or blunt with a point unequally 

 serrate-toothed, or slightly crenate only, smooth, deep green, 

 alternate, petioled, two inches long ; racemes furnished with 

 one or two leaflets. The male flowers have no pistil what- 

 soever ; but there are three or four flowers in a hundred, that 

 have a style without any germen. Native of woods in St. 

 Domingo. Sow the seeds on a hot-bed, early in the spring; 

 and when the plants are strong enough, transplant each into 

 a small pot filled, with light rich earth, and plunge the pots 

 into a moderate hot-bed of tanners' bark, watering and shad- 

 ing the plants until they have taken new root. In winter, 

 plunge them into the bark-bed in the stove, and water them 

 frequently. The stems must be supported, and they seldom 

 produce flowers before the third summer. 



Gourd. See Cucurbita. 



Gourd, Bitter. See Cucumis. 



Gourd, Sour. See Adansonia. 



Grafting, is the taking a shoot from one tree and inserting 

 it into another, in such a manner, as that both may unite 

 closely, and become one tree ; this is called, by the ancient 

 writers in husbandry and gardening, incision, to distinguish 

 it from inoculating or budding, which they call inserere 

 oculos. The peculiar advantage of grafting is, that it ena- 

 bles us to propagate any curious sorts of fruit, so as to be 

 certain of the kinds, which cannot be done by any other 

 method ; for as all the good fruits have been accidentally 

 obtained from seeds, so the seeds of these, when sown, will 

 many of them degenerate, and produce such fruit as are not 

 worth cultivating; but when shoots are taken from such trees 

 as produce good fruit, these will never alter from their kind, 

 whatever be the stock or tree on which they are grafted, for 



