652 



GYP 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



GYR 



corolla white. It flowers from June to September, and is 

 supposed to inhabit the mountainous parts of Europe. 



3. Gypsophila Paniculata ; Panicied Gypsophila. Dioi- 

 cous: leaves linear, lanceolate, the lower ones scabrous ; sta- 

 mina minute; styles longer than the corolla; root perennial, 

 thick, fleshy ; stems several, round, jointed, prostrate, a foot 

 and a half long, the thickness of a quill, below villose and 

 rugged, four-cornered, and simple, above smooth ; flowers 

 numerous, and without scent; petals white, oblong, blunt, 

 quite entire, twice as long as the calix. It flowers in July 

 and August. Native of Hungary, Siberia, and Tartary. 



4. Gyposphila Viscosa; Clammy Gypsophila. Leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, smooth, and even, at the base cordate and clasp- 

 ing ; the internodes of the branches clammy in the middle ; 

 petals retuse; root annual, slender; stem erect, slender, 

 branched almost from the bottom, from a span to a foot high ; 

 the whole plant very smooth and glaucous ; flowers the size 

 of those in the first and second species; corolla scarcely red, 

 scentless; petals oblong, emarginate. Native of the Levant. 



5. Gypsophila Adscendens. Leaves lanceolate-linear; 

 stalks prostrate; corolla, stamina, and pistils, all of the same 

 length; root perennial, whitish, branched, and woody; stems 

 very many, round, smooth, much jointed, leafy, herbaceous, 

 purple at the base, and procumbent, then ascending; flowers 

 white. Native country unknown. 



6. Gypsophila Altissima; Upright Gypsophila. Leaves 

 lanceolate, three-nerVed ; stalks straight. It is perennial, 

 flowers in July, and is a native of Siberia. 



7. Gypsophila Struthium ; Shrubby Gypsophila. Leaves 

 linear, fleshy, axillary, crowded, columnar ; stem shrubby at 

 the bottom, with leafy rudiments from the axils of the leaves, 

 which are longer than the internodes, and acute at the end ; 

 flowers in corymbs, white, with ovate petals. The ancients 

 used this plant instead of soap, and it still answers this pur- 

 pose in some parts of Spain, where it naturally grows. 



8. Gypsophila Fastigiata; Triangular-leaved Gypsophila. 

 Leaves lanceolate-linear, obscurely three-cornered, smooth 

 and even, obtuse, directed oneway; root perennial, very long, 

 the thickness of a finger, white, woody ; stalks several, stiff, 

 jointed, smooth, more than a foot long, branched, ending in 

 a dense fastigiate cyme of flowers ; petals pale rose-colour. 

 Linneus observes, that in Sweden the flowers are always white, 

 and fastigiate in its wild state. The root, like that of the fore- 

 going species, has a saponaceous quality, and, boiled, with 

 linen or woollen, may be used instead of soap ; it is bitter, and 

 has a solvent aperient quality. Native of Germany, Sweden, 

 Switzerland, Siberia, &c. It flowers from June to August. 



9. Gypsophila Perfoliata ; Perfoliate Gypsophila. Leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, half stem-clasping ; root perennial, strong, 

 fleshy, striking deep into the ground, sending up stalks two 

 and three feet in height, as thick as the little finger at bot- 

 tom, swelling at the joints, branching at short intervals from, 

 top to bottom ; flowers numerous, before they expand purple, 

 but becoming paler, and at length white ; capsule obtusely 

 four-cornered, four-valved. It flowers in July and August. 

 Native of Spain and the Levant. 



10. Gypsophila Muralis; Wall Gypsophila. Leaves linear, 

 flat; calices leafless; stalk dichotomous ; petals crenate; 

 root annual, slender, small ; stalk diffused, a span in length, 

 weak, and therefore seldom upright. The flowers come out 

 at the divisions of the stalk singly, on setaceous peduncles, 

 one at the end. In England it flowers from June to October. 

 Native of Lapland, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, France, 

 and Siberia. 



11. Gypsophila Rigida. Leaves linear, flat; stalks dicho- 

 tomous; peduncles two-flowered; petals emarginate. From a 

 very fibrous root spring numerous little stems, not more than 

 a span high, jointed, branched ; flowers pale red. Native of 

 the south of France, and Siberia. 



12. Gypsophila Saxifraga; Small Gypsophila. Leaves 

 linear; calices angular, with four scales ; corollas emarginate ; 

 root perennial, woody, branched; stalks in tufts, procumbent, 

 a span long, or about nine inches in length, very much 

 branched, bent, and changing their direction at every joint; 

 flowers on long peduncles, on the extreme subdivisions, 

 which are almost naked ; petals emarginate, white, with 

 rose-coloured lines. It flowers in July and August. Native 

 of France, Switzerland, Austria, and Carniola. 



Gyrocarpus ; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Mo- 

 noscia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite: calix 

 four-leaved, unequal. Corolla: none. Nectary: four club- 

 bed glands. Stamina : four. Pistil : one. Style : none. 

 Capsule: one-celled, one-seeded, ending in two long mem- 

 braneous wings. Male. Calix : five-leaved, equal. Nec- 

 tary and Stamina: as in the hermaphrodite, without pistil. 

 The only species is, 



1. Gyrocarpus Asiaticus. Leaves deeply heart-shaped, 

 undivided, or slightly lobed, downy beneath ; panicles clus- 

 tered, many-flowered, small, and yellowish ; fruit the size of 

 a filbert. A large tree, flowering just before the foliage 

 appears. Grows in the mountainous parts of Coromandel : 

 called by the natives Tanucoo ; and by the English Catta- 

 maran-wood tree ; the light white wood being excellent for 

 cattamarans, or rafts. 



HJEM 



HJEMANTHUS; a genus of the class Hexandria, order 

 Monogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: involucre six- 

 leaved, very large, bearing an umbellule ; leaflets erect, ob- 

 long, permanent. Corolla.: monopetalous, erect, six-parted ; 

 parts erect, linear; tube very short, angular. Stamina: fila- 

 menta six, subulate, inserted into the tube, and longer than 

 the corolla; antherse incumbent, oblong. Pistil: germen in- 

 ferior; style simple, length of the stamina; stigma simple. 

 Pericarp : berry roundish, three-celled. Seeds : solitary, 

 three-cornered. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Involucre six- 

 leaved, many-flowered. Corolla: six-parted, superior. Berry: 

 three-celled. The species are, 



1. Hsemanthus Coccineus; Scarlet Hamanthus, or Blood- 

 flower. Leaves tongue-shaped, flat, smooth and even, pressed 

 close to the ground, in two rows; umbel contracted, fastigiate, 



H.EM 



shorter than the involucre ; border patulous ; root large and 

 bulbous, from which the leaves issue. The flowers are pro- 

 duced in autumn, just before the new leaves come out; they 

 are of a bright red, in a large cluster, two or three inches from 

 the bulb. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This, and the 

 seventh species, are not easily propagated in Europe, because 

 their roots do not produce a sufficient quantity of offsets ; 

 hence the Dutch gardeners obtain their supplies from the 

 Cape of Good Hope. They will not bear the open air of 

 England during winter; the roots must therefore be planted 

 in a pot filled with light loamy earth, and in the winter should 

 be placed in a dry glass-case, where, during that season, the 

 leaves will be in full vigour, and make a pretty appearance, 

 when intermixed with other plants in the stove. Although 

 they seldom flower here, they deserve a place iu every garden 



