680 



HER 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



HER 



summer they must be frequently watered, but they require 

 little in winter. They require abundance of free air in 

 summer. 



2. Heraionitis Lineata. Frond lanceolate-linear ; lines of fruc- 

 tifications nearly parallel, longitudinal. Native of Jamaica. 



3. Heraionitis Parasitica. Fronds ovate, acuminate; shoots 

 chaffy, creeping; leaves about two inches long, and one and 

 a half over where broadest. Creeping on trees in the cooler 

 inland woods of Jamaica. 



4. Humionitis Palmata. Fronds palmate, hirsute; roots 

 many, fibrous, black ; stalks- black, cornered, about six inches 

 high, covered with ferruginous hair : the whole frond is like 

 the leaf of a creeping Ranunculus. Found between Savannah 

 and Two-mile Wood in Jamaica, and also in Martinico. 



5. Hemionitis Japonica. Fronds bipinnate ; pinnas lan- 

 ceolate, entire. The fructifications are in trichotomous lines, 

 over the whole lower surface. Native of Japan. 



6. Hewionjtis Reticulate. Fronds lanceolate-sickled, quite 

 entire ; veins netted. Native of the Society Islands. 



7. Hemionitis Esculenta. Frond pinnate; pinnas alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, crenate, slightly eared at the base. This 

 species is a foot and half high or more; stipe smooth, 

 grooved ; roots esculent. Native of the East Indies. 



8. Hemionitis Triloba. Frond pinnate ; leaflets three- 

 lobed, sinuated, taper-pointed, downy, stalked, the terminal 

 one large, very deeply three-lobed ; lines of capsules nume- 

 rous. A very elegant Fern : native of the Brazils. 



9. Hemioiiitis Acrostichoides. Fronds pinnate, distinct; 

 leaflets broad-lanceolate, taper-pointed, waved or crenate; 

 fructifications confluent. Gathered at Sierra Leone. 



Hemlock, Common. See Conium. 



Hemlock, Water. See Cicuia. 



Hemp. See Cannabis Satitia. 



Hemp Agrimony. See Eupatorium. 



Hemp Agrimony, Watert See Bidens. 



Hemp, Bastard. See Datisca. 



Hemp, Virginia. See Acnida. 



Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. 



Htracleum; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Di- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : umbel universal, 

 manifold, very large, partial flat; involucre universal, many- 

 leaved, caducous, partial halved on the outside ; leaflets 

 three to seven, linear-lanceolate, the exterior ones longer; 

 perianth obscure. Corolla : universal not uniform, radiate ; 

 floscules all generally fertile; proper of the disk equal, 

 live-petalled ; petals bent in and hooked, emarginate ; of the 

 ray unequal, five-petalled ; the outer ones larger and more 

 bifid, oblong, hooked. Stamina: filamenta five, longer than 

 the corollets ; antheree small. Pistil : germen subovate, infe- 

 rior; styles two, approximating, short; stigmas simple. Peri- 

 carp: none; fruit elliptic, compressed, emarginate, striated 

 in the middle on both sides, margined. Seeds: two, ovate, 

 leafy, and compressed. Observe. In some species the radiate 

 female flowers are fertile ; the male ones of the disk are abor- 

 tive, being destitute of stigmas. The first and second species 

 are hermaphrodite throughout, and sometimes the involucre 

 is entirely wanting. The second species has uniform flowers. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Involucre: caducous. Corolla: 

 difform, inflcx-eraarginate. Fruit: elliptic, emarginate, com- 

 pressed, striated, margined. To propagate the plants of this 

 genus, sow their seeds in autumn ; in the spring, when the 

 plants are up, hoe the ground, cutting up the weeds, and thin- 

 ning the plants as directed for Parsneps. The species are, 



1. Heracleum Sphondylium; Common Cow-Parsnep. Leaf- 

 lets pinnatifid, even; flowers radiate; root biennial, thick, 

 yellowish without, white within, running deep into the ground, 



sweet to the taste, with some acrimony ; stem two, three, and 

 four feet high, round, furrowed, rough with white hairs, hol- 

 low within, branched from the bottom; leaves hairy and 

 scabrous, frequently a foot in length, and more than halt 

 that in breadth, pinnate and waved. The universal nmbet 

 is flat, and has ten, twelve, or more rays ; the partial nmbel 

 has upwards of thirty ; florets white, greenish-white, or pur- 

 plish ; they have a horned appearance before they expand, 

 particularly the outer ones, which are four times the size of 

 the inner petals; the central flowers are frequently abortive. 

 The seeds have a strong smell, somewhat like that of a bug ; but 

 are accounted diuretic and stomachic. Linneus says that the 

 plant is used in Scania for the dysentery ; and Gmelin informs 

 us that the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning 

 of July, collect the footstalks of the radical leaves, and after 

 peeling off the rind, which is very acrid, dry them separately 

 in the sun, and then, tying them in bundles, lay them up care- 

 fully in bags placed in the shade, where they become covered 

 with a yellow saccharine efflorescence, tasting like liquorice, 

 which being shaken off, is eaten as a great delicacy. The 

 Russians distil an ardent spirit from the stalks thus prepared, 

 by first fermenting them in water with the greater bilberries ; 

 and the spirit thus produced is said to be more agreeable to the 

 taste than spirits made from corn. The leaves are a favourite 

 food with rabbits and swine : horses are said not to like them, 

 but cows, sheep, and goats, are partial to them. The Germans 

 call this plant Heilkraut, Barenklau ; the Dutch, Heil/tritid, 

 Beerenklaauw ; the Danes, Biorneklov ; the Swedes, Biorns- 

 loka; the French, la Berce; the Italians, Sfondilio ; the Spa- 

 niards, Essondilio ; the Portuguese, Canabraz ; and the Rus- 

 sians, Putsckki, Slathaja trawa. The old English writers call 

 it Cow Parsnep, Meadow Parsnep, and Madnep. It is called 

 Hogweed in Norfolk ; and in various parts of England the 

 dry stalks are named Kexes or Kcchsies, in common with 

 those of seme other plants. Native of most parts of Europe, 

 in moist and fertile soils, flowering from May to July. 



2. Heracleum Angustifolium ; Narrow-leaved Cow-Parsnep. 

 Leaves crosswise pinnate; leaflets linear; corollas flosculose. 

 It is probably a mere variety of the foregoing. Hudson re- 

 marks, that the distinction of the flosculose and radiate corolla 

 is very uncertain. It grows plentifully near Berkhampstead in 

 Hertfordshire, near the place where Ray found it ; and where 

 both sorts may be seen growing from the same root. There 

 are other varieties also not worth enumerating. 



3. Heracleum Sibericum ; Siberian Cow-Parsnep. Leaves 

 pinnate; leaflets in fives, the middle ones sessile; corollets 

 uniform; root biennial; stem deely furrowed, hispid; flow- 

 ers flosculose, by no means radiate ; petals green, bent in, 

 not at all emarginate ; universal involucre none. The Kamts- 

 chadaies extract a kind of spirit from this species, which is 

 called Raka. Native of Siberia. 



4. Heracleum Panaces ; Palmaied Cow-Parsnep. Leaves 

 pinnate; leaflets in fives, the middle ones sessile; flowers 

 radiate; root biennial; stem much taller than the common 

 sort, attaining the height of six feet, hirsute, round, sljghtly 

 angular, branched ; flowers Inrge, radiate, greenish or yellow- 

 ish white. Gerarde calls it Hercules All-Heal. Native of 

 Italy, Silesia, and Siberia. 



5. Heracleum Austriacum; Austrian Cow-Parsnep. Leaves 

 pinnate, wrinkled and scabrous on both sides ; flowers sub- 

 radiate ; root knotty, with circles round it, and a few fibres ; 

 stem from a foot to two feet in height, slightly angular, 

 striated, solitary, smooth, soft, with a white pile only towards 

 the top, scarcely branched. It flowers in Jirly and A" 



Native of Austria, Carniola, and Silesia. 



6. Heracleum AJpinum; Alpine Cow-Parsnep. Leaves 



