HER 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



H E S 



689 



is made into ropes of all sorts. Native of Jamaica, where it 

 is called Makot or Mahoe-tree. See the third species. 



42. Hibiscus Clandestinus. Stem virgate, rough with hairs, 

 shrubby, three feet high ; leaves ovate, sharp, somewhat 

 three-lobed ; flowers minute, closed, axillary, solitary : pe- 

 duncles longer than the leaf, upright, jointed, and thicker 

 towards the tip ; corolla whitish, villose, scarcely larger than 

 the calix, becoming violet-coloured as it withers; petals 

 ovate, never expanding; seeds blackish, with a very white 

 wool drawn over them. Native of Senegal. 



43. Hibiscus Tomentosus. Leaves heart-shaped, angular, 

 serrate, tomentose ; stem arboreous, seven or eight feet 

 high, covered with a whitish bark. Native of the West 

 Indies. . 



44. Hibiscus Cordifolius. Leaves heart-shaped, hirsute, 

 crenate; flowers lateral, of a bright yellow colour; stem 

 arboreous, branched. Native of the West Indies. 



45. Hibiscus Bahamensis. Leaves oblong-cordate, smooth, 

 toothletted, hoary underneath, with very large flowers. It 

 has a perennial root, but annual stalks, four feet high, at the 

 tops of which the flowers are produced : they are very large, 

 and of a light purple colour, with dark bottoms, and are 

 succeeded by short capsules. Native of the West Indies. 



Hickery. See Juylans. 



Hieracium; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia Squalls. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 imbricate, ovate ; scales several, linear, very unequal, lon- 

 gitudinal, and incumbent. Corolla: compound, imbricate, 

 uniform ; corollules hermaphrodite, numerous, equal ; proper 

 monopetalous, ligulate, linear, truncate, five-toothed. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta five, capillary, very short; antheree cylin- 

 dric, tubulous. Pistil: germen subovate ; style filiform, tlie 

 length of the stamina ; stigmas two, bowed back. Pericarp : 

 none ; calix converging, ovate. Seeds : solitary, obtusely 

 four-cornered, short; down capillary, sessile. 'Receptacle: 

 naked. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: imbricate, or cali- 

 culate, ovate. Down: simple, sessile. Receptacle: naked. 

 Most of the plants of this genus are reputed to be weeds, 

 and very few of them are cultivated, except in botanic 

 gardens. If their seeds be permitted to scatter, they will in 

 general propagate themselves; and, being mostly perennial, 

 they may all be increased by parting the roots. The seeds 

 should be sown on a border with an eastern aspect, in March ; 

 and when the plants come up they must be kept clean from 

 weeds, till they are strong enough to remove, which will be 

 by the beginning of June; then they should be transplanted 

 to a shady border of undunged ground, at six inches' distance; 

 observing to water them if the weather should prove dry, till 

 they have taken new root; after which, if they are kept clean 

 from weeds, they will require no other culture ; in the autumn 

 they should be transplanted where they are designed to 

 remain; in the following summer they will flower and pro- 

 duce ripe seeds, and the roots will continue some years, if 

 not planted in a rich moist soil, which frequently occasions 

 their rotting in winter. They may also be propagated by 



parting the roots in autumn. The species are, 



* With a one-flowered Scape. 



1. Hieracium Incanum; Hoary Hawkweed. Leaves quite 

 entire, somewhat toothletted, lanceolate, scabrous ; root 

 thick, perennial, blackish on the outside, white within ; stems 

 round, upright, twice or thrice the length of the leaves ; co- 

 rolla yellow. Native of the mountains of Austria, Carniola, 

 and the Palatinate : flowering in May. 



2. Hieracium Pumilum ; Dwarf Hawkweed. Leaves ovate ; 

 petioles dilated ; scapes with one or two flowers ; roots per- 

 ennial, creeping, branched; stems half a foot in height, 



VOL. i. 58. 



generally procumbent and reddish; corolla pale yellow, 

 broadish, with five teeth at the end. Found upon the Alps, 

 and Glaciers, in Switzerland, Savoy, and Dauphiny, among 

 the pebbles and fragments of rocks. 



3. Hieracium Alpinum ; Alpine Hawkweed. Leaves ob- 

 long, entire, toothed ; scape almost naked ; calix hairy. This 

 species is chiefly distinguished by the whole of the plant, but 

 especially the calix, being covered with long white hairs ; 

 and the scales of the calix being remarkably loose : root per- 

 ennial and fibrous; stalk about five inches high, generally 

 terminated by one large flower, but seldom more than two ; 

 corolla pale yellow. It flowers in July and August. Native 

 of Lapland, Switzerland, Dauphiny, Savoy, Carniola, Silesia, 

 and the mountains both of Wales and Scotland. 



4. Hieracium Taraxaci. Leaves lanceolate, toothed, 

 smooth ; scape almost naked ; calix hirsute ; stalk six inches 

 high, smooth towards the base, but hairy near the top, bear- 

 ing a single yellow flower; perennial: flowering in July. 

 Native of the mountains of Switzerland, Scotland, and 

 Wales. 



5. Hieracium Alpestre. Leaves lanceolate, toothed, 

 smooth ; scape with a leaf and a flower or two ; calix hir- 

 sute, cylindric ; root-leaves on short petioles, having large 

 teeth about the edge, almost linear, broader at the end ; 

 corolla short, not large, yellow; perennial. Native of 

 Austria and Silesia. 



6. Hieracium Venosum ; Vein-leaved Hawkweed. Leaves 

 wedge-shaped, rough with hairs; scape very thick, upright; 

 stem branched, leafless ; flowers small, yellow. Native of 

 Virginia and Maryland. 



7. Hieracium Pilosella; Mouse-ear Hawkweed. Leaves 

 quite entire, ovate, tomentose underneath ; stem throwing 

 out runners; root perennial, creeping; flowers early, an inch 

 in diameter; corolla pale yellow, or sulphur colour, com- 

 posed of about fifty florets, the outer having a broad purple 

 stripe on the under side ; each floret has five teeth at the 

 end. According to Linneus, the flowers of this plant com- 

 monly open at eight in the morning, and close about two in 

 the afternoon. An insect of the coccus or cochineal kind is 

 found at its roots; but it has not been observed in England. 

 It differs from other milky plants of this class, in being less 

 bitter, and more astringent. On account of this astringency 

 it was admitted into the shops as a medicine, under the name 

 of Auricula Muris, or Mouso-ear; but it is now little regarded. 

 Culpeper says, that the green leaves bruised, and applied to 

 any cut or wound, will soon heal it; and Meyrick and Hill 

 both recommend it as an excellent astringent, and say that 

 the powder may be given in immoderate menstrual discharges, 

 and other bleedings, whether internal or external. A strong- 

 decoction of it is good in purges attended with bloody stools, 

 also for the bleeding of the piles; and the leavss boiled in 

 milk are a good external application for the same purpose. 

 It flowers from May to September, and is very common on 

 dry pastures, sunny banks, and walls. 



* With a many-flowered Scape. 



8. Hieracium Dubium; Creeping Hawkweed. Leaves 

 entire, ovate-oblong ; runners creeping. There is a diversity 

 of opinion among botanists concerning this plant. It ap- 

 pears considerably to resemble the foregoing species, but is 

 larger, and has the leaves hairy, not tomentose underneath ; 

 corollas pale yellow on both sides. Kroker distinguished it 

 from the Mouse-ear, by its having fewer (only two or 'three) 

 flowers; by its lesser stature; entire leaves, on very short peti- 

 oles; having very few long hairs; and being in other respects 

 smooth. It flowers in July and August. Sheep are reported 

 to eat this plant, although the Mouse-ear is reputed to be 



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