700 



H OR 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



H OR 



six or seven Detailed. Stamina: twenty-one, in three bodies. 

 Pericarp : one-celled, many-seeded. The species are, 



1. Homalium Racemosmn. Leaves serrate ; racemes axil- 

 lary, and terminating; flowers peduncled. This is a lofty 

 branching tree, with the habit and leaves of the Elm. 

 Native of Martinico and Jamaica. 



2. Homalium Racoubea. Leaves toothed, coriaceous; ra- 

 cemes terminating; flowers subsessile. This is a shrub, with 

 a trunk of about three or four feet high, and four or five 

 inches in diameter; the bark is whitish ; the branches tor- 

 tuous and spreading, and seven or eight feet long. The 

 flowers are borne on spikes springing from the bosoms of 

 the upper leaves ; they are sessile, and of a yellow colour. 

 Native of Guiana, flowering in May. 



3. Homalium Angustifolium. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 

 slightly waved, entire ; partial flower-stalks very short ; petals 

 obovate ; clusters axillary, simple, scarcely the length of the 

 leaves ; flowers nearly sessile, and essentially distinguished 

 by the obovate petals. Native of Sierra Leone. 



Honesty. See Lunaria. 



Honewort. See Sison. 



Honey-flower. See Melianthus. 



Honeysuckle. See Lonicera. 



Honeysuckle, French. See Hedysarum. 



Honeywort. See Cerinthe. 



Hooded Milfoil. See Utricularia. 



Hooded Willow-herb. See Scutellaria. 



Hop. See Humulus. 



Hopea ; a genus of the class Polyadelphia, order Polyan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 bell-shaped, 6ve-cleft; clefts ovate, blunt, permanent. Co- 

 rolla : petals five, oblong, concave, connected at the base 

 by the intervention of the bunches of stamina. Stamina : 

 filamenta very many, bristle-shaped, longer than the corolla, 

 connected at the base in five bodies; antherae quadrangular. 

 Pistil: germen inferior, roundish ; style gradually thickening, 

 the length of the corolla, permanent; stigma thickish, ob- 

 liquely depressed. Pericarp: drupe dry, oval-cylindric, 

 gibbous, crowned with the calix. Seed : nut smooth, three- 

 celled, protracted by a blunt tip. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix : five-cleft, superior. Corolla : five-petalled. Sta- 

 mina: many, connected in five bodies. Style : one. Drupe: 

 with a three-celled nut. The only known species is, 



1. Hopea Tinctoria. This is a tree, with alternate, peti- 

 oled, simple, oblong, lanceolate-ovate, subserrate, shining, 

 nerveless, sweet leaves. The peduncles burst forth from 

 buds upon the topmost branchlets, eight or ten together, 

 before the leaves, and are disposed in a very short spike, on 

 very short one-flowered pedicels, clothed with small, concave, 

 villose leaflets. The flowers are succeeded by subsessile fruits, 

 below the leaves, in a very short spike. It flowers early in 

 the spring, and is then extremely sweet. The juice or 

 decoction of the lea-ves will dye linen and silk of a bright 

 yellow colour. Native of Carolina. 



Hordeum ; a genus of the class Triandria, order Digynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common receptacle length- 

 ened into a spike ; glume six-leaved, three-flowered ; flowers 

 sessile ; leaflets distant, in pairs, linear, acuminate. Corolla: 

 two-valved ; lower valve bellying, angular, ovate-acuminate, 

 longer than the calix, ending in a long awn ; inner valve 

 lanceolate, flat, smaller ; nectary two-leaved ; leaflets ovate, 

 sharp, ciliate. Stamina: filamenta three, capillary, shorter 

 than the corolla; antherse oblong. Pistil: germen ovate- 

 turbinate ; styles two, villose, reflex ; stigmas similar. Peri- 

 carp : none : the corolla grows round the seed, without open- 

 ing. Seed: oblong, bellying, angular, acuminate on both 



ends, marked with a groove on one side. Observe. In some 

 of the species all the three flowers contained in an involucre 

 are hermaphrodite, and fertile ; in others the side flowers are 

 males, and the middle one only is hermaphrodite and fertile. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : lateral, two-valved, (valves 

 narrow, acuminate, distant, all together forming a six-leaved 

 involucre,) one-flowered, by threes, at each toothlet of the 



rachis. The species are, 



1. Hordeum Vulgare; Spring Barley. All the florets her- 

 maphrodite, and awned in two very upright rows. Of the 

 Spring Barley, which is principally cultivated in England, the 

 farmers make two sorts, viz. the Common, and the Rath-ripe 

 Barley, which are in fact the same : for the Rath-ripe is only 

 that which has been long cultivated upon warm gravelly 

 lands. The seed of this, when sown in a cold or strong land, 

 will the first year ripen near a fortnight earlier than the seeds 

 taken from strong land ; therefore the farmers in the vales 

 generally purchase their seed-barley from the warm land ; for, 

 if saved in the valves two or three years, it will become full as 

 late in ripening as the common Barley of their own product ; 

 and the farmers on the warm lands are also obliged to pro- 

 cure their seed-barley from the strong land, to prevent their 

 grain from losing its bulk and fulness. This sort of Barley is 

 easily distinguished by the two orders of beards, or awns, 

 which stand erect ; the chaff being also thinner than that of 

 the second and fourth sorts, it is esteemed better for malting-. 

 The second description, Winter or Square Barley, Bear, or 

 Big-, is rarely cultivated in the southern parts of England; 

 but in the northern counties and in Scotland is generally 

 sown, being much hardier than the other species, and will 

 bear the cold. It has its grains disposed in six rows : the 

 grain is large and plump, but it is not so good for malting, 

 which is the reason for its not being cultivated in the southern 

 parts of the island, where the other sorts thrive well, and are 

 better adapted to that purpose. The third sort, is the Com- 

 mon, or Long-eared Barley, which is cultivated in many parts 

 of England, and is an exceedingly good sort, though some 

 farmers object to it, because the long and heavy ears, they 

 say, are more apt to lodge. This has the grains regularly 

 ranged in a double row, lying over each other like tiles on a 

 house, or the scales of fishes. The husk or chaff of this 

 Barley is also very thin, and is much esteemed for malting. 

 The fourth kind is generally called Sprat or Battledore Barley : 

 it has shorter and broader ears than any of the other sorts ; 

 the awns or beards are longer, and the grains are placed close 

 together, and the awns being long, the birds cannot so easily 

 get out the grain. This seldom grows so tall as the other 

 species ; and the straw being shorter and coarser, does not 

 make very good fodder for cattle. In Spring Barley, the lower 

 flowers are frequently imperfect; the spike is as it were distinct, 

 though there are several rows ; in all the flowers the two glumes 

 or chaffs of the calix are shorter than the flower, awl-shaped, 

 and end in a short awn or beard ; the outer corolline chaff is 

 much hollowed, with the sides folded in, the back ciliated, and 

 the tip continued into an awn three inches in length ; the inner 

 chaff is awnless. It is not known where this, or any other sort 

 of grain, grows wild. Cardan pretended that Barley was a 

 native of Athol in Scotland. Reidesel says the same of Sicily : 

 and it has lately been affirmed to be found on the banks of 

 Samara, a river of Tartary. Diodorus Siculus ascribes the first 

 culture of Barley to Osiris, who discovered it in a wild state. 

 The ancients fed their horses with Barley as we do with Oats. 

 It was eaten also in bread by the lower sort of people ; and the 

 gladiators were called Hordearii, or Barley-men, from their 

 feeding on this grain. Some of the southern parts of Europe 

 annually produce two crops of Barley : one sown in autumn, 



