726 



H Y O 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



H YP 



flexuose, the thickness of the human thumb ; stem herbace- 

 ous, upright, round, smooth; peduncles one-flowered, pendu- 

 lous from the axils, weak, two inches long ; corolla of the 

 same shape and colour as in Atropa Belladonna; seeds 

 kidney-form, rather large, elegantly dotted very closely in 

 rows, with little holes, and of a very pale yellow colour. 

 It flowers with us in May; and in April in the woods of 

 Idria in Friuli, of which it is a native. 



Hyoseris; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia jEqualis. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common 

 cylindric, angular, consisting of about eight leaves, permanent; 

 scales lanceolate, erect, acute, slightly keeled, equal ; cali- 

 cled at the base, with fewer, very short, close scales. Corolla: 

 compound subimbricate, uniform, composed of many her- 

 maphrodite corollets ; proper one-petalled, ligulate, linear, 

 truncate, five-toothed. Stamina : filamenta five, capillary, 

 very short; antheroe cylindrical, tubular. Pistil: germen 

 oblong ; style filiform, the length of the stamina ; stigmas 

 two, reflex. Pericarp : none ; the common calix close or 

 spreading. Seeds: solitary, oblong, membranaceous, streaked 

 on one side along the middle, almost the length of the calix. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: almost equal; down hairy 

 and calicled ; receptacle naked. All the plants belonging 

 to this genus, except the sixth, are hardy, and may easily 

 be propagated from seeds either sown in the spring, or left 

 to scatter of themselves. They require in general a dry soil. 



The species are, 



* Stem naked. 



1. Hyoseris Fcetida; Stinking Hyoseris. Scapes one- 

 flowered ; leaves pinnatifid ; seeds naked. Root perennial, 

 single, cylindrical, thick, woody, fetid ; flower middle-sized, 

 yellow above, and red beneath. The whole plant has a dis- 

 agreeable smell, and much resembles DandeHon, but the 

 flower is smaller, and of a deeper yellow colour. They appear 

 in July. Native of the mountains of Italy, Dauphiny, Car- 

 niola, and Switzerland, and found in various parts of Ger- 

 many and France. 



> 2. Hyoseris Radiata ; Starry Hyoseris. Scapes one-flow- 

 ered ; leaves smooth, runcinated, with toothed angles, laci- 

 niated at top. The peduncles and rachis of the leaves fari- 

 naceous. Native of the south of France; the county of Nic, 

 on hills near the coast; and of Spain. 



3. Hyoseris Lucida ; Shining Hyoseris. Scapes one-flow- 

 ered ; leaves somewhat fleshy, runcinate, angular, toothed. 

 This very much resembles the preceding, but the leaves are 

 thicker, lucid, and more shortly toothed. It flowers from 

 June to August. Native of the Levant. 



4. Hyoseris Scabra ; Rugged Hyoseris. Scapes one-flow- 

 ered; leaves rugged; seeds downy. Annual. Native of 

 Sicily, Nice, and neighbourhood of Villa Franca. 



5. Hyoseris Virginica ; Virginian Hyoseris. Scapes one- 

 flowered; leaves lanceolate, lyrate, smooth; corolla deep yel- 

 low; seeds four-cornered. Native of Virginia. 



6. Hyoseris Pygmeea; Dwarf Hyoseris. Scapes one-flow- 

 ered ; leaves spatulate, toothed, ciliate ; calices hairy ; hairs 

 and cilias forked ; down stiped, feathered. This is an annual 

 plant, flowering in June and July; and a native of Madeira. 

 It can only be raised in a green-house. 



7. Hyoseris Minima; Least Hyoseris. Stem divided, 

 naked; peduncles thickened. Root annual, small but woody, 

 with a few rigid fibres; stems several, six to nine incites high, 

 naked, round, smooth ; leaves spreading in a circle, bluntly 

 oval, tapering into the footstalks, toothed on the sides ; corolla 

 yellow ; seeds oval, striated. Dr. Withering calls this plant 

 Small Swine's-eye. It flowers in May and June, and is a 

 native of most parts of Europe, in pastures and corn-fields of 



a sandy soil. Though not very common in England, it is 

 found about Hampton Court, and in Teddington field ; near 

 Waltbamstow, in Essex; Pershore, in Worcestershire; in the 

 neighbourhood of Norwich; near Gamlingay, in Cambridge- 

 shire; Spratton, in Northamptonshire; and about Forfar, and 

 between Dundee and St. Andrews, in Scotland. 

 ** Stem leafy. 



8. Hyoseris Hedypnonis ; Branching Hyoseris. Fruits 

 ovate., smooth ; stem branched, weak, and bending at each 

 joint; flower yellow, small, nodding. It flowers in June. 

 Native of the south of Europe. 



9. Hysoseris Rhagadioloides; Nipplewort Hyoseris. Fruits 

 ovate, hairy ; stem branched. -It is an annual plant, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and native of the south of Europe. 



10. Hyoseris Cretica; Cretan Hyoseris. Fruits ovate, 

 rugged; stem branched. Root annual, round, fibrous, white 

 within, brown without ; flowers solitary, erect, terminating, 

 and axillary; corollets short, pale yellow. It flowers in May 

 and June ; with us in June and July. Native of Candia, of 

 the county of Nice, and common about Madrid. 



11. Hyoseris Montana. Plant very glabrous, procumbent; 

 leaves lanceolate, very entire ; scape one-flowered. Found 

 by Michaux on the mountains of Carolina. 



12. Hyoseris Angustifolia. Leaves linear-lanceolate; scape 

 one-flowered ; flowers large, bright yellow. Found in pas- 

 tures and fields in Virginia and Carolina. 



13. Hyoseris Caroliniana. Leaves lyrate at the base; 

 scape one-flowered. Native of Carolina. 



Hypecoum; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Digy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth two-leaved, 

 small ; leaflets ovate, acute, erect, opposite, deciduous. Co- 

 rolla : four-petalled, the two outer petals opposite, broader, 

 trifid, obtuse, the two inner alternate with the others, semi- 

 trifid; the middle segment concave, compressed, erect. Sta- 

 mina : fiiamenta four, awl-shaped, erect, covered by the mid- 

 dle segment of the inner petals ; antheree erect, oblong. 

 Pistil: germen oblong, cylindrical ; styles two, very short; 

 stigmas acute. Pericarp : silique longr., curved inwards, 

 jointed. Seed: solitary in each joint of the pericarp, globu- 

 lar, compressed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : two- 

 leaved. Petals: four, the two outer broader and trifid. 

 Fruit: a silique. The plants of this genus being all annual, 

 are propagated by seeds, which should be sown soon after 

 they are ripe, on a bed of light fresh earth, where they art 

 to remain, for they seldom succeed if transplanted. When 

 the plants come up, clear them from weeds, and thin them 

 to the distance of six or eight inches. When the seeds are 

 sown in the spring, and the season proves dry, they will not 

 grow the first year, but if the ground be kept clean from 

 weeds, and not otherwise disturbed, the plants will come up 

 in the following spring. The seeds will sometimes lie even 

 till the third spring. Henc it is best to sow them in a warm 

 border in autumn, which will produce stronger plants, and be 

 more likely to perfect seeds than those sown in spring. The 

 seeds should be divested of their fungous covering before they 

 are sown, for that adheres so close that it prevents their 

 growing until it be decayed. If the seeds are allowed to 

 scatter, they will frequently come up of themselves without 

 any care. In large gardens, these plants, which require little 

 room, when intermixed with other small annuals, will make a 

 pretty appearance in the borders.' The species are, 



1. Hypecoum Procumbens ; Procumbent Hypecoum. Sili- 

 ques bowed, compressed, jointed. Root simple, sometimes 

 bifid, long, but annual, having only a few fibres ; leaves di- 

 vided by many incisures resembling those of Fumitory, pale 

 green with a tinge of grayish or glaucous colour, spread on 



