IB E 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



I C E 



741 



Carniola, the south of France, Italy, and Silesia. See the 

 fifth species. 



7. Iberis Cepeaefolia: Onion-leaved Candy-tuft. Herba- 

 ceous: leaves ovate; stem-leaves sessile, even, juicy. Root 

 long, round, slender, fungous, branched, creeping obliquely, 

 reddish violet-coloured on the outside ; stems several, scarcely 

 half a span in height, prostrate, with the flowering tops 

 curved upwards; petals obovate, oblong, entire, equal, lilac- 

 coloured ; flowers sweet-smelling like the preceding : they 

 appear in May. Native of Carinthia. See the fifth species. 



8. Iberis Umbellata; Purple Candy-tuft. Herbaceous: 

 leaves lanceolate, acuminate, the lower serrate, the upper 

 quite entire. Root annual, white, oblong, fusiform ; stem 

 upright, leafy, half a foot, or a span to a foot in height ; 

 flowers in a hemispherical corymb, on peduncles half an 

 inch in length ; the usual colour is a pale purple, but there 

 is one variety with bright purple, and another with white 

 flowers. The flowers appear in June and July, and may be 

 continued in succession till autumn. Native of the south 

 of Europe. This, with the ninth and eleventh species, are 

 sown in small patches upon the borders of the flower-garden: 

 and, by sowing them at three or four different times, there 

 may be a succession of them in flower till autumn ; when 

 they are grown up, they should be thinned, that they may 

 put out side-branches, flower stronger, and continue longer 

 in beauty. This plant was formerly sown for edgings; for 

 which it is, like all other annuals, extremely unfit. 



9. Iberis Arnara ; White Candy-tuft. Herbaceous : leaves 

 lanceolate, acute, somewhat toothed ; flowers in racemes. 

 Linneus observes, that this resembles the preceding very 

 much, being only smaller; it differs however in many other 

 respects : stem seven or eight inches high, pubescent, some- 

 what rugged, branched ; branches diffused, alternate ; leaves 

 bright green, thickish, smooth ; flowers white, in a terminat- 

 ing spike-like raceme, or rather in a corymb lengthened into 

 a raceme as the inflorescence advances. Native of Switzer- 

 land, Germany, Austria, south of France, and England, 

 where it is found about Henley, Nettlebed, and Mungewell, 

 in Oxfordshire, and on Wallingford common, in Berkshire. 



10. Iberis Linifolia; Flax-leaved Candy-tuft. Herbaceous: 

 leaves linear, quite entire; stem-leaves serrate ; stem pani- 

 cled ; corymbs hemispherical. Root simple, white, twisted, 

 having few fibres ; stem herbaceous, straight, slender, branched 

 at top ; branches mostly bifid ; flowers in corymbs, the outer 

 ones peduncled, with the two outer petals larger; the colour 

 is purple, and they appear in July. It is an annual plant. 

 Native of Spain, Portugal, and Provence. 



11. Iberis Odorata; Sweet-scented Candy-tuft. Herba- 

 ceous : leaves linear, widening at top, and serrate. This 

 seldom grows so large as the Purple Candy-tuft, and the 

 flowers are much smaller, but have an agreeable odour : they 

 are in close corymbs, and of a snowy whiteness. -Native of 

 the mountains near Geneva. 



12. Iberis Arabica. Herbaceous: leaves ovate, smooth, 

 veinless, quite entire ; silicles two-lobed at the base and tip. 

 Native of Arabia and Cappadocia. 



13. Iberis Nudicaulis; Naked-stalked Candy-tuft, or Rock- 

 cress. Herbaceous : leaves sinuate ; stem naked, simple. 

 The stems are from two to four inches in height, numerous, 

 decumbent when young, but finally upright, simple, round, 

 and smooth ; root-leaves spread on the ground in a circle, 

 petioled ; flowers in a terminating spike-like raceme, small, 

 white, and scentless, on peduncles half an inch long, and 

 spreading wide. Native of most parts of Europe, in dry and 

 barren soils. It is found on Hounslow-heath, Putney and 

 Barnes commons, and near Hampton-court and Richmond ; 



VOL. i. 62. 



at Blackheath by the road from Greenwich to Lewisham ; 

 at Ilford, in Essex; near Gamlingay, in Cambridgeshire ; 

 Bungay, in Suffolk, and near Norwich ; near Penshatn, in 

 Worcestershire; at Harmer-hill, near Salop; at Nottingham- 

 park; at Little Creaton, in Northamptonshire; between Corby 

 Castle and Carlisle; and in some parts of Scotland. This 

 diminutive plant is rarely admitted into gardens ; the seeds 

 may be sown in autumn where the plants are designed to 

 remain, and require no other care but to keep them clean 

 from weeds. 



14. Iberis Pinnata; Winyed Candy-tuft. Herbaceous: 

 leaves pinnatifid. Stem about a foot and a half in height, 

 commonly simple, but sometimes with a branch or two ; 

 flowers in a corymb, clear white, seldom purple. It flowers 

 from July to August, and is a native of the south of Eu- 

 rope. 



Ice- House ; a building sunk in the ground, to preserve ice 

 in the summer season. In the choice of a situation for an 

 ice-house, the principal regard should be that of a dry spot 

 of ground, for wherever there is moisture the ice will melt ; 

 therefore in all strong lands, which retain the wet, there 

 cannot be too much care taken to make drains all round thy 

 building to carry off all moisture ; which, when lodged near 

 the building, will produce a damp that will always be preju- 

 dicial to the preservation of the ice. The next consideration 

 must be, to have the place so elevated that there be descent 

 enough to carry off whatever wet may fall near the building, 

 or from such portions of the ice as may occasionally melt; also, 

 that the place be as much exposed to the sun and air as pos- 

 sible, and not placed under the drip or in the shade of trees, 

 as has been so often practised, under a false notion, that, if 

 it should be exposed to the sun, the ice will melt away in 

 summer ; which never can be the case where there is suffi- 

 cient care taken to exclude the outward air, (which must 

 always be attended to in the building of these houses,) for 

 the heat of the sun can never penetrate through the double 

 arches of the building, so as to add any warmth to the air : 

 but when it is entirely open to the sun and wind, all damps 

 and vapours will be thereby removed from about the building, 

 which cannot be kept too free from moist vapours. The form 

 of the house may be adapted to the fancy of the owner, but 

 the well into which the ice is to be put, should be circular. 

 and the diameter and depth proportioned to the quantity of 

 ice it is proposed to contain. It is best to take care that it be 

 amply capacious, so as to hold an abundance ; for, when tho 

 house is well built, it will keep the ice for two or three years, 

 which will secure this advantage, that the stock will hold out 

 during a mild winter whenever it may occur. If the quantity 

 required is not great, a well of six feet diameter and eight 

 feet depth will be large enough ; but for a large consumption 

 it should not be less than nine or ten feet in diameter, and as 

 many deep. Where the situation is either dry chalk, gravel, 

 or sand, the pit may be entirely below the surface of the 

 ground; but in strong loam, clay, or moist ground, it will be. 

 better to raise it so high above the surface as to obviate the 

 approach of wet. At the bottom of the well, there should 

 be a space left two feet deep, to receive any moisture which 

 may drain from the ice, from which a small underground 

 drain should be laid to carry off the water. Over this should 

 be placed a strong grate of wood, to let the moisture descend. 

 The sides of the well must be walled up with brick or stone, 

 at least two feet thick ; but the thicker the better, for the 

 less danger there will be of the ice being affected by any 

 external cause. When the well is brought within three feet 

 of the surface, there must be another outer wall or arch 

 begun, and carried up to the height of the top of the intended 

 9C 



