752 



INO 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



I NU 



to any sort of grafting for most sorts of fruit. The method 

 of performing it is as follows : you must be provided with a 

 sharp penknife, having a flat 'haft, the use of which is to 

 raise the bark of the stock, and admit the bnd ; procure 

 also some sound bass-mat, which should be soaked in water 

 to increase its strength, and make it more pliable : then 

 having taken off the cuttings from the trees you would 

 propagate, choose a smooth part of the stock, about five 

 or six inches above the surface of the ground, if designed 

 for dwarfs ; three feet, for half standards ; but six feet for 

 standards : then with your knife make an horizontal cut 

 across the rind of the stock, and from the middle of that cut 

 make a slit downwards, about two inches in length, so that 

 it may be in the form of a T; care must be taken not to cut 

 deeper than the bark, lest you wound the stock ; then having 

 cut off the leaf from the bud, and left the footstalk remain- 

 ing, you should make a cross cut, about half an inch below 

 the eye, and with your knife slit off the bud, with part of 

 the wood to it, in form of an escutcheon ; then with your 

 knife pull off that part of the wood which was taken with 

 the bud, observing whether the eye of the bud be left to 

 it or not, for all those buds which lose their eyes in strip- 

 ping should be thrown away, being good for nothing : after 

 this, having gently raised the bark of the stock, where 

 the cross incision was made, with the flat haft of your pen- 

 knife clear to the wood, you should thrust the bud therein, 

 observing to place it smooth between the rind and the 

 wood of the stock, cutting oft" any part of the rind belong- 

 ing to the bud which may be too long for the slit made 

 in the stock ; and so having exactly fitted the bud to the 

 stock, tie them closely round with bass-mat, beginning at 

 the under part of the slit, and proceeding to the top, taking 

 care not to bind round the eye of the bud, which should 

 be left open. When the buds have been inoculated three 

 weeks or a month, you will see which of them have taken ; 

 those of them which appear shrivelled and black, being dead, 

 but those which remain fresh and plump, you may depend 

 are joined ; you should therefore loosen the bandage, which, 

 if not done in time, will greatly injure, if not destroy, the 

 bud. In March following cut off the stock, about three 

 inches above the place of inoculation, sloping it, that the 

 wet may pass off, and not enter the stock ; to this part of the 

 stock left above the bud, it is very proper to fasten the shoot 

 that proceeds from the bud, which would be in danger of 

 being blown out by stiong winds : but this must continue no 

 longer than one year, after which it should be cut off close 

 above the bud, that the wounded part may be the more 

 readily barked over. The time for inoculating is from the 

 middle of June until the middle of August, according to the 

 forwardness of the season, and the particular sorts of trees 

 to be propagated ; but the time may be easily known by try- 

 ing the buds whether they will come off well from the wood ; 

 however, the most general rule is, when you observe the 

 buds formed at the extremity of the same year's shoots, 

 which is a sign of their having finished their spring growth. 

 The first tree commonly inoculated is the Apricot, and the 

 Jast ths Orange tree, which should never be attempted till 

 the middle of August, and in cloudy weather; for if done in 

 the middle of the day, during very hot weather, the shoots will 

 perspire so fast, as to leave the buds destitute of moisture ; 

 nor should you take off the cuttings of the trees long before 

 they are used, for if you are obliged to fetch your cuttings 

 from some distance, which often happens, it will be judi- 

 cious to provide a tin box or case, having a socket about 

 ten inches long, and a cover to the top, which must have 

 five or six holes : in this socket, put as much water as will 



fill it about two or three inches high, and place the cuttings 

 therein, in an upright position, so that that part which was 

 cut from the tree, may be set in the water ; and fasten down 

 the cover, to keep out the air : the minute holes in the cover 

 will suffice to let the perspiration of the branches pass off, 

 which, if pent in, -would be very injurious to them: be care- 

 ful also to carry it upright, that the water may not reach to 

 the buds, for it is very imprudent to water them all over, 

 and so saturate the buds with moisture, that they have no 

 attractive force left to imbibe the sap of the stock, whereby 

 they very often miscarry. Although it is the ordinary prac- 

 tice to divest the bud of that part of the wood which was 

 taken from the shoot with it, yet in many sorts of tender 

 trees it is best to preserve a little wood to the bud, without 

 which they often miscarry; the want of attention to this 

 circumstance has caused some people to imagine, that cer- 

 tain trees are not to be propagated by inoculation ; whereas, 

 they would have succeeded, had they performed it by this 

 method. 



Inula; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polygamia 

 Superflua. -GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common imbri- 

 cated ; leaflets lax, spreading, the exterior ones larger, of 

 equal length. Corolla : compound radiated, broad ; corollules 

 hermaphrodite, equal, very numerous in the disk; females 

 strap-shaped, numerous, crowded in the ray: proper of the 

 hermaphrodite, funnel-form; border five-cleft, rather upright; 

 females strap-shaped, linear, perfectly entire. Stamina : in 

 the hermaphrodite, filamenta five filiform, short; antherse 

 cylindric, composed of five smaller linear conjoined ones, 

 each ending below in two straight bristles of the length of 

 the filamenta. Pistil: in the hermaphrodites, germen oblong; 

 style filiform, length of the stamina; stigma bifid, rather 

 upright; in the females, germen long; style filiform, half 

 bifid ; stigmas erect. Pericarp : none ; calix unchanged. 

 Seeds: in the hermaphrodites, solitary, linear, four-cornered, 

 pappus capillary, length of the seeds : in the females, like the 

 hermaphrodites. Receptacle: naked, flat. Observe. This 

 genus differs not only from Aster, but from most others, in 

 having the antherse terminated below by ten bristles ; but 

 this is not appaient in all the species. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Receptacle : naked. Down : simple. Atttoera : 

 ending in two bristles at the base. The species are, 



1. Inula Helenium; Elecampane. Leaves stem-clasping, 

 ovate, wrinkled, tomentose underneath ; scales of the calices 

 ovate. Root perennial, thick, fusiform, brown, branching, 

 and aromatic. It is one of the largest of our herbaceous 

 plants, being from three to five or six feet high, with the 

 stem striated and downy, branched towards the top ; lower 

 leaves on footstalks a foot long, and four inches broad in the 

 middle, downy beneath; flowering heads very large, single, 

 terminating the stem and branches; florets all yellow; seeds 

 columnar, four-cornered; pappus, egret, or down, white. 

 The root is esteemed a good pectoral, and a conserve of it 

 is recommended in disorders of the breast and lungs, to pro- 

 mote expectoration : an infusion of it fresh, sweetened with 

 honey, is said to be an excellent medicine in the hooping 

 cough ; and a decoction, outwardly applied, to cure the itch. 

 Bruised and macerated in urine, with balls of ashes and 

 whortle berries, it dyes a blue colour. The decoction of it 

 cures sheep that have the scab; hence in some countries it is 

 called Scabwort; and in others Horse-heal, from its reputed 

 virtues in curing the cutaneous diseases of horses. The offi- 

 cinal name is Enula Campana, whence our English Elecam- 

 pane is derived ; the Germans call it alant, aland, alantwurz, 

 olant, oltwurz, helenenkraut, glockenwurz ; the Dutch, gewoon 

 and alant, alantswortel ; the Danes, aland, alandsroed; the 



