INU 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



INU 



753 



Swedes, alandsrot ; the French, I'inule aunee, I'aunee, Venule- 

 campane, Vherbe contre lag ale ; the Italians, enula, enula- 

 campana, ella, elenio ; the Spaniards and Portuguese, 

 enula-campana, ala; and the Russians, dewjatschid, dew- 

 esil, oman, krun. It flowers in June and July, and the 

 seeds ripen at the end of August. Native of Japan, Den- 

 mark, Germany, Flanders, Switzerland, Austria, France, 

 Piedmont, Spain, and Britain. In Essex it is frequent, and 

 not uncommon in Norfolk; it is found at Mettingham, in 

 Suffolk ; near Madingley, in Cambridgeshire ; Ripton, and 

 Warboys, in Huntingdonshire; Dunstable, and Pertenhall, 

 in Bedfordshire ; on the side of Biedon-hill, in Worcester- 

 shire ; and about St. Ives, in Cornwall, &c. In Scotland, it 

 is doubtful whether it be a native. It may be propagated 

 by seeds, which should be sown in autumn, soon after they 

 are ripe, for if kept to the spring, they seldom grow ; but 

 where permitted to scatter, the plants will come up in the 

 following spring, without any care, and may either be trans- 

 planted in the succeeding autumn, or, if they are designed 

 to remain, they should be hoed out to the distance of ten 

 inches or a foot each way, and constantly kept clean from 

 weeds : the roots will be fit for use in the second year. But 

 most people propagate the plant by offsets, which, if care- 

 fully taken from the old roots, with a bud or eye to each, 

 will take root very easily: the best time for this, is in 

 autumn, as soon as the leaves begin to decay : they should 

 be planted in rows, about a foot asunder, and nine or ten 

 inches' distance in the rows ; in the following spring, the 

 ground must be kept clean from weeds, and, if slightly dug 

 in autumn, it will greatly promote the growth of the roots, 

 which will be fit for use after two years' growth, but will 

 abide many years, if permitted to remain ; however, the 

 young roots are certainly preferable to those that are old 

 and stringy. It loves a loamy soil. 



2. Inula Odora ; Sweet-rooted Inula. Leaves stem- 

 clasping, toothed, extremely hirsute; root-leaves ovate; 

 stem-leaves lanceolate ; stem few-flowered. Flowers one or 

 two, peduncled, yellow; root perennial, with an aromatic 

 smell c id taste. Native of Provence, Narbonne, Sicily, and 

 Italy. This, with the 3d, 4th, 5th, IGth, 17th, 1 8th, 19th, 

 22nd, 24th, and 25th species, which are abiding plants, will 

 thrive and flower in the open air in England : they may all 

 be propagated by parting their roots; the best time for doing 

 this is in autumn, at which time the plants may be removed, 

 and intermixed with other flowering plants, in the borders of 

 large gardens, where they will make an agreeable variety 

 during their continuance in flower. As their roots multiply 

 pretty fast, they should be allowed room to spread, and not 

 be planted nearer than two feet from other plants. If they 

 are removed every third year, it will be often enough, pro- 

 vided the ground between them be dug every winter; and if 

 kept clean from weeds in summer, they will require no other 

 care. As some of them produce good seed in England, they 

 may be propagated by sowing their seeds in autumn, on a 

 border of light earth, exposed to the east, where the morn- 

 ing sun only is admitted ; in the spring, when the plants 

 appear, they should be kept clean from weeds till fit to 

 remove, when they may be transplanted on a shady border, 

 six inches asunder, observing to shade and water them till 

 they have taken root. Clean them from weeds during the 

 summer, and in autumn transplant them into borders where 

 they are to remain. 



3. Inula Suaveolens; Woolly-leaved Inula. Leaves elliptic, 

 attenuated at the base, subpetioled, hairy, lower toothed ; 

 stem many-flowered. Root scentless, acrid, consisting of 

 a bundle of round dirty white fibres, issuing from a thicker 



VOL. i. 63. 



head; stem usually single, upright, round, purplish, villose, 

 leafy, a foot and half high, branching only at top into few- 

 flowered peduncks ; flowers sweet-smelling ; radial corollets 

 shorter than the calix, and three-toothed. It flowers from 

 June to August. Native of the south of Europe. 



4. Inula Oculus Christi ; Hoary Inula. Leaves stem- 

 clasping, oblong, entire, hirsute; stem hairy, corymbed. Root 

 perennial ; flowers in a corymb, of a fine yellow or golden 

 colour, large, but smaller than the first sort, appearing in July. 

 Native of Austria, the south of France, and Silesia. 



5. Inula Britanica; Creeping-rooted Inula. Leaves stem- 

 clasping, lanceolate, serrate, distinct, villose underneath ; 

 stem branched, upright, villose. Root peiennial; stem divid- 

 ing into two or three upright branches or peduncles, each 

 sustaining one pretty large flower, of a deep yellow colour. 

 They are in beauty in July, but seldom ripen seeds here. 

 There is a variety with the stems and under surface of the 

 leaves more villose, and the petals of the ray very narrow. 

 Native of Germany, Scania, Siberia, and Piedmont. 



6. Inula Dysenterica ; Common or Middle Fleabane. 

 Leaves stem-clasping, cordate-oblong; stem villose, panicled ; 

 calicine scales bristle-shaped. Root perennial, creeping, 

 whitish, the thickness of a goose-quill, with largish fibres ; 

 branches like the stem, upright, the latest growing to the 

 greatest height; flowers an inch or more in diameter, termi- 

 nating, single, or two together, forming a sort of corymb ; 

 florets all yellow, exceedingly numerous in the disk. Ray 

 observes, that the leaves when bruised smell like soap. Rutty 

 informs us, that the juice is saltish, and warms the mouth a 

 little s that the decocton is somewhat acrid in the throat, and 

 at the same time astringent, and turning green with vitriol of 

 iron; that the infusion is also somewhat astringent, very bitter 

 in the throat, and turning; black with vitriol of iron. Linneus 

 mentions his having b?en informed by General Keit, that the 

 Russian soldiers, in their expedition against Persia, wefe cured 

 of the bloody flux by this plant; this induced Linneus to 

 name it Dysenterica. Our old authors call it Middle Flea- 

 bane, it being supposed, when burning, to drive away fleas 

 and other insects by the smoke. Forskal says, the Arabians 

 call it, rarajeub, or Job's tears, from a notion that Job used 

 a decoction of this herb to cure his ulcers. It was formerly 

 recommended in the itc-h, and other cutaneous disorders. 

 Native of most parts of Europe, in moist meadows, watery 

 places, by the sides of ditches, brooks, and rivers; flowering 

 from July to October, and frequently overrunning large tracts 

 of land. Few cattle will touch it. 



7. Inula Viscosa ; Clammy Inula. Leaves lanceolate, 

 toothletted, sessile, reflex at the base; peduncles lateral, 

 one-flowered, leafy. Native of the south of Europe. See 

 Erigoron Viscosum, which is the same plant. 



8. Inula Undulata; Wave-leaved Inula. Leaves stem-clasp- 

 ing, cordate-lanceolate, waved. Stem a foot high, round, 

 upright, subtomentose ; peduncles terminating, one-flowered. 

 Flowers in July. Native of Egypt. This, with the ninth and 

 twelfth species, being annual plants, and natives of hot coun- 

 tries, must be propagated by seeds raised in a hot-bed, and 

 kept in the bark-stove. 



9. Inula Indica; Indian Inula. Leaves stem-clasping, 

 cordate-lanceolate, serrate ; peduncles one-flowered, filiform ; 

 flowers globular. Native of the East Indies. 



10. Inula Pulicaria; Trailing Inula, or Small Fleabane. 

 Leaves stem-clasping, waved : stem prostrate ; flowers sub- 

 globular, with a very short ray. Annual; with a very trailing- 

 stem not at all hairy, and a globular calix. The flowers are 

 solitary, of a pale dull yellow. There is a variety of this 

 with scarcely any flowers of the ray. Native of Scania, 



9 F 



