IV A 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



JUG 



765 



calix ; antheree roundish, incumbent. Pistil: gennen ovate, 

 superior; style permanent, cylindrical, the length of the sta- 

 mina; stigmas two, blunt. Pericarp : capsule ovate, longer 

 than the calix, mucronated by the style, two-celled, two- 

 valved, many-seeded. Seeds: very small, oblong, shining. 

 Observe. The second species has the petals inserted, not 

 into the calix, but the receptacle; the style bifid, and the 

 capsule not opening. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Capsule 

 two-celled, two-valved, many-seeded ; stigma emarginate. 

 The species are, 



1. Itea Virginica; Virginian Itea. Leaves ovate, acute, 

 serrate. This shrub is six or seven feet high, sending out 

 many branches from bottom to top ; at the extremity of the 

 same year's shoots, in the month of July, are produced fine 

 spikes of white flowers, three or four inches long, and erect. 

 When this shrub is in vigour, it is entirely covered with these 

 flowers, and makes an elegant appearance. Native of North 

 America. It will live in the open air in England, but will 

 not thrive upon dry gravelly ground. It is propagated by 

 layers ; these, if put down in the autumn, will put out roots, 

 so as to be fit to remove in the following autumn, when they 

 may be transplanted to a nursery, or to the place where they 

 are to remain. 



2. Itea Cyrilla; Entire-leaved Itea. Leaves lanceolate, 

 entire, membranaceous. A shrub, three feet high ; stem 

 upright, somewhat branched, round, ash-coloured ; flowers 

 scattered, pedicelled, spreading, white, two or three lines in 

 diameter ; petals longer than the calix ; racemes very many, 

 lateral, at the base of the new shoots, one from each bud, on 

 short peduncles, spreading, four to six inches long. Native 

 of Carolina and Jamaica. It requires the protection of a 

 green-house; and may be increased by layers and cuttings. 



Iva; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Pentandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common roundish; leaf- 

 lets about five, subovate, blunt, almost equal, permanent, 

 containing very many florets. Corolla: compound, convex; 

 corollets, male veiy many in the disk; female five in the ray: 

 proper, males one-petalled, funnel-form, five-toothed, the 

 length of the calix; females none. Stamina: males, fila- 

 menta five, bristle-shaped, the length of the corollet ; an- 

 theree erect, approximating. Pistil: females, germen oblong, 

 the length of the calix; styles two, capillary, long; stigmas 

 acute. Pericarp : none ; calix unchanged. Seeds : solitary, 

 naked, the length of the calix, at top thicker, blunt. Recep- 

 tacle: chaffy; chaffs linear, interior. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Male Calix: common, three or five leaved. Corolla: 

 of the disk one-petalled, five-cleft. Receptacle: with hairs 

 or linear chaffs. Female: in the ray, five, or fewer. Corolla: 



none. Styles: two, long. Seeds: naked, blunt. The 



species are, 



1. Iva Annua; Annual Iva. Leaves lanceolate-ovate; 

 stem herbaceous. Branches from the sides of the stalk; both 

 branches and stalks are terminated by small clusters of pale 

 blue flowers, which appear in July, and the seeds ripen in 

 autumn. Native of South America and the West Indies. 

 Sow the seeds on a moderate hot-bed, and, when the plants 

 are fit to remove, transplant them to another hot-bed, and 

 treat them as is directed for Itnpatiens. 



2. Iva Frutescens ; Shrubby Iva, or Bastard Jesuit's Bark 

 Tree. Leaves lanceolate ; stem shrubby. Branches termi- 

 nated by small clusters of pale purple flowers, which appear 

 in August. Native of Virginia and Peru. This shrub has 

 been preserved in the green-house, though it seldom suf- 

 fers from the cold of our ordinary winters, if planted in a 

 <iry soil and a sheltered situation. If the branches be 

 laid in the spring, they will put out roots in six months ; 



VOL. i. 64. 



or if the cuttings be planted in a border in May, they will 

 take root. 



Judas Tree. See Cercis. 



Juglans ; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Polyandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male Flowers: Calix: ament 

 cylindrical, imbricate, scattered all round, with one-flowered 

 scales, turned outwards ; perianth elliptic, flat, six-parted ; 

 segments upright, concave, blunt. Corolla: none. Stamina: 

 filamenta many, eighteen to twenty-four, (or, according to 

 Geertner, twelve to twenty-four,) very short ; antheree oval. 

 Female Flowers : heaped. Calix: perianth one-leafed, bell- 

 shaped, four-cleft, upright, very short, one-flowered. Co- 

 rolla: one-petalled, four-cleft, upright, acute, a little larger 

 than the calix. Pistil: germen oval, large, inferior; style 

 very short; stigmas two, large, reflex, jagged at top. Peri- 

 carp: drupe dry, oval, large, one-celled. Seed: nut very 

 large, roundish, netted, grooved, half four-celled ; (according 

 to Gaertner, corticated, two-valved ;) nucleus four-lobed, vari- 

 ously grooved. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix: 

 one-leafed, scale-form. Corolla : six-parted. Filamenta : 

 eighteen. Female. Calix: four-cleft, superior. Corolla: 

 four-parted. Styles: two. Drupe: with a grooved nucleus. 



The species are, 



1. Juglans Regia; Common Walnut-tree. Leaflets about 

 nine, oval or\oblong, smooth, siibserrate, almost equal, the 

 odd one petioled. A large and handsome tree, with strong 

 spreading boughs. Leaves pinnate, with a very strong but 

 not unpleasant smell; leaflets three pairs (sometimes two or 

 four) nearly equal, entire, smooth, and shining; male flowers 

 in close pendulous subterminating aments; females scattered, 

 frequently two or three together; fruit an ovate, coriaceous, 

 smooth drupe, enclosing an irregularly-grooved nut, 'which con- 

 tains a four-lobed oily eatable kernel, with an ir-regular knob- 

 bed surface, and covered with a yellow skin. The varieties 

 of the common Walnut are, the large Walnut v the thin-shelled 

 Walnut, the double-bearing Walnut, and the late-ripe Walnut. 

 They all vary again when raised from the seed, and nuts from 

 the same tree will produce different fruit : persons therefore 

 who plant the Walnut for its fruit, should choose their trees 

 in the nurseries, while they have their fruit upon them. The 

 flowers begin to open about the middle of April, and are in 

 full blow by the middle of May, before which time the Leaves 

 are fully displayed. Even in the south of France, this tree 

 is frequently injured by spring frosts ; and to avoid this, the 

 Swiss engraft the common stocks with the late-ripe variety, 

 which does not produce its fruit before the month of May or 

 June. This might probably be too late for us ; but in those 

 climates, where, though they are warmer than ours, the olive 

 will not succeed, and where the fruit of the Walnut is there- 

 fore of much consequence for the oil which it yields, it may 

 be worth attending to. In France and Switzerland the wood 

 is still in as great request for furniture, as it formerly was in 

 England, until superseded by Mahogany. It is of singular 

 use with the joiner for the best-grained and coloured wains- 

 cot; with the gunsmith, for stocks ; with the coach-maker, 

 for wheels and the bodies of coaches. The cabinet-maker 

 uses it for inlaying, especially the firm and close timber about 

 the root, which is admirable for flecked and cambleted works. 

 To render this wood the better coloured, joiners put the 

 boards into an oven after the batch is drawn, or lay them in a 

 warm stable; and, when they work it, polish it over with its 

 own oil very hot, which makes it look black and sleek, and 

 the older it is, the more estimable : but then it should not be 

 put in work till thoroughly seasoned, because it is very liable 

 to shrink. It is most unfit for beams or joints, because of its 

 brittleness. The enormous size to which this tree will grow, 

 61 



