770 



J UN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



J UN 



the others ; for unless the season be very unfavourable, it 

 will begin to flower in February, and is not usually out of 

 bloom till the beginning of May. 



20. Juncus Spadiceus. Leaves flat, hairy from the sheath ; 

 flowers very small, corymbed, solitary, shortly awned. Culm 

 not more than a foot high ; root-leaves scarcely two line* in 

 breadth, subhirsute. Native of the Alps. 



27. Juncus Sylvaticus; Great -Hairy Wood-Rush. Leaves 

 flat, hairy ; corymb decompound ; flowers in bundles, sessile. 

 In some situations this species is very large and tall ; but it 

 more usually occurs with a stalk little more than a foot high. 

 It is not uncommon in woods, and flowers in May. 



28. Juncus Niveus; White-flowered Rush. Leaves flat, 

 somewhat hairy ; corymbs shorter than the leaf; flowers in 

 bundles. This is the handsomesWbelonging to the genus ; 

 culm three feet high. Native of the Alps, of Switzerland, &c. 



29. Juncus Campestris ; Hairy Field Rush. Leaves flat, 

 somewhat hairy ; spikes sessile and peduncled. Root peren- 

 nial, somewhat woody, with numerous blackish fibres, creep- 

 ing; culm simple, from three to nine inches high; flowers 

 ten or twelve in each spikelet, sessile : they appear in April 

 and May, and ripen seeds in June. It indicates a dry and 

 not luxuriant pasture. The hairs proceed from the edges of 

 the leaves, and appear as if left by some animal in rubbing 

 against them. Most frequently found in dry pastures. 



30. Juncus Spicatus; Spiked Rush. Leaves flat; spike 

 racemed, nodding, composed of many flowers. Native of 

 Lapland, Denmark, and Scotland. 



31. Juncus Serratus. Leaves ensiform, flat, serrate, h 

 underneath ; sheaths of the panicle awl-shaped, perfolia 1 

 Culms leafy, round, as thick as the little finger, from four 

 to six feet high. Native of the Cape. 



32. Juncus Grandiflorus. Leaf round ; culm one-flowered ; 

 flower upright, single, naked. Scarcely a foot high, very 

 smooth. Native place unknown. 



33. Juncus Polycephalus. Stalk erect, with but few leaves ; 

 leaves nodose, articulate ; calices linear, triandrous. There 

 are two varieties ; one with thicker leaves, compressed, and 

 the other with subtiliform leaves. Found in inundated places 

 from Pennsylvania to Carolina. 



34. Juncus Aristatus. Root bulbous ; stalk foliose, erect, 

 compressed ; leaves narrow, subcaniculated ; panicles com- 

 pound. Found in the low grounds of Georgia and Carolina. 



35. Juncus Tenuis. Stalk foliose, simple ; leaves canali- 

 culate ; corymb terminal, dichotomous, shorter than the 

 bractes; capsules oblong, obtuse, shorter than the calix. 

 Found in abundance in Georgia and Carolina. 



36. Juncus Campestris. Leaves plain, pilose; spikes 

 pedunculate, ovate, somewhat stooping. Found on dry 

 sunny hills from Pennsylvania to Carolina. 



Juiigermannia ; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order 

 Algee. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male Flowers: sessile, 

 clustered, on the leaves, stem, and frond. Calix : scarcely 

 any. Corolla: none. Stamina: filamenta hardly any ; anthera 

 ovate, one-celled, gaping at the tip. Female Flowers, on the 

 same or on a separate individual. Calix: perianth upright, 

 tubular, truncated, crenated or laciniated. Corolla : calyptra 

 sessile, smaller than the perianth, subglobose, closed on every 

 side, membranaceous, tender, crowned by the style, at length 

 bursting at the tip. Pistil: germen oblong, involved by the 

 calyptra, sessile ; style straight, short, passing through the 

 top of the calyptra ; stigma simple. Pericarp : capsule 

 sealed on a long and very tender bristle, globose, one-celled, 

 at length gaping longitudinally into four valves, which are 

 equal, spreading, p'Tinanrnt. Si.-eds : many, globose, adher- 

 >\- twisted elastic threads, fixed to the bottom, tip, disk, 



or margin of the valves. Observe. Several germina are often 

 found in one perianth, of which, however, only one grows 

 to maturity. Thirty species of these Mosses are arranged 

 in five subdivisions, in the fourteenth edition of the Systema 

 Vegetabilium. Hudson enumerates thirty species, in the 

 second edition of his Flora Anglica ; and Dr. Withering, in 

 his Arrangement of British Plants, describes 48 species, 

 which he distributes into four divisions ; many of which are 

 beautiful objects of microscopic observation. It is thought 

 that our native species amount to above sixty, and that in all 

 150 Jungermannia might easily be reckoned up. 



Jungia; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polygamia 

 Segregata. GENERIC CHARACTERS Calix : common many- 

 leaved ; leaflets somewhat spreading, linear, obtuse, chan- 

 nelled, shorter than the partial perianth, involving three or 

 four flowers; perianth partial, many-leaved, almost equal, 

 many-flowered ; leaflets oblong, channelled, obtuse, upright. 

 Corolla : compound uniform ; corollets hermaphrodite, equal ; 

 proper one-petalled, funnel-shaped ; tube gradually widened ; 

 border two-lipped ; the exterior division rolled back, longer, 

 linear, toothed at the tip ; the interior two-parted ; the seg- 

 ments two, upright, sharp. Stamina: filamenta five, very 

 short, inserted into the tube; antheree connate. Pistil: ger- 

 men inferior, linear, cornered ; style filiform ; stigmas two, 

 revolute, obtuse. Pericarp : none. Calix: unchanged. Seed: 

 solitary, cornered; down long, sessile, feathered. Receptacle: 

 chaffy; chaffs resembling the calicine leaflets. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix: common three-flowered. Receptacles : 

 chaffy ; florets tubular, two-lipped ; outer-lip ligulate, inner 

 two-parted. The only known species is, 



1. Jungia Ferruginea. Stems woody, covered with a 

 ferruginous down; leaves alternate, petioled, remote, flat, 

 rounded, five-lobed, cordate at the base; lobes rounded, 

 blunt, hirsute, and underneath hairy; panicle terminating, 

 large, decompound ; heads of flowers small, heaped. Na- 

 tive of South America. 



Juniperus ; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Monadel- 

 phia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : ament coni- 

 cal, consisting of a common shaft, on which are disposed 

 three opposite flowers in triple opposition, a tenth terminat- 

 ing the ament ; each flower has for its base a broad, short, 

 incumbent scale, affixed to the column of the receptacle. 

 Corolla : none. Stamina: filamenta (in the terminal floscule) 

 three, awl-shaped, united oelow into one body ; in the lateral 

 flowers scarce manifest; antheree three, distinct in the ter- 

 minal flower, but fastened to the calicine scale in the lateral 

 ornes. Female. Calix : perianth three-parted, very small, 

 growing to the germen, permanent. Corolla : petals three, 

 permanent, rigid, acute. Pistil: germen inferior; styles 

 three, simple ; stigmas simple. Pericarp : berry fleshy, 

 roundish, marked on the lower part with three opposite 

 obscure tubercles, (from the calix having grown there,) and at 

 the tip by three teeth, (which before were the petals,) umbili- 

 cated. Seed: three ossicles, convex on me side, cornered 

 on the other, oblong. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. 

 Calix: of the ament a scale. Corolla : none. Stamina : three. 

 Female. Calix: three-parted. Petals : three. Styles: three. 

 Berry : three-seeded, irregular with the three tubercles of the 



oalix. These plants are all propagated by sowing their 



seeds as soon as they are ripe,, if they can be procured ; for 

 if kept until the spring before they are sown, they will not 

 come up till the second year. The ground in which the seeds 

 of the hardy sorts are sown, should be fresh and light, but it 

 should not be dunked ; when it is well dug and levelled, sow 

 the seeds pretty thick, and sift some earth over them to the 

 depth of half an inch ; this bed will only require weeding, 



