J UN 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



J UN 



771 



and, towards the middle or latter end of April, some of the 

 plants will appear above ground, though probably the great- 

 est part of them may lie till the following spring before they 

 come up : therefore* the beds should be carefully weeded, 

 and watered in very dry weather, which will greatly promote 

 the growth of those plants that are up, and also cause the 

 other seeds to vegetate ; but if the bed in which these are 

 sown, is much exposed to the sun, it should be shaded with 

 mats in the day, for, when the plants first come up, they 

 will not bear much heat. In this bed they should remain till 

 the next spring, or second autumn, when you must prepare 

 beds, into which they are to be transplanted, they -should 

 be also of light, fresh, undunged soil, well dug, cleansed 

 from all noxious weeds, and levelled. In the beginning of 

 October, which is the proper season for removing these plants, 

 raise them up with a trowel, preserving as much earth as 

 possible to their roots., and plant them into beds about five 

 or six inches asunder each way, or eighteen inches by nine 

 or ten, giving them some water, to settle the earth to their 

 roots : if it should prove very dry weather, you must lay a 

 little mulch upon the surface of the ground, round their roots, 

 which will be very serviceable to the plants; but, as many of 

 the seeds will be yet left in the ground where they are sown, 

 the beds, should not be disturbed too much, in taking up the 

 plants: they may remain two years in these beds, observing 

 to keep them clear from weeds: in the spring, stir the ground 

 between them gently, that their roots may the more easily 

 strike into it; after that, they should be transplanted, either 

 into a nursery, at the distance of three feet row from row, and 

 eighteen inches asunder in the rows, or into the places where 

 they are to remain ; the best season for transplanting them, 

 we have already observed, is in the beginning of October : 

 they should then be carefully taken up, preserving a ball of 

 earth to their roots, and, when replanted, the roots should be 

 mulched, which, if carefully attended to, and watering them 

 in dry weather till they have taken root, will ensure their 

 growth. They are extremely hardy in bearing cold, and will 

 survive our severest winters, provided they are not planted in 

 a moist or rich soil. Most of them may also be propagated 

 by cuttings, which, if planted in autumn, or at the end of 

 August, in a shady border, will take root : but those plants 

 which are raised from cuttings will never grow so upright, 

 nor to so large a size, as the plants that are raised from seeds ; 

 so that raising them by cuttings is practised on those only 

 which do not perfect seeds in England. As several species 

 grow to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, the procuring 

 as many of the sorts as can be gotten from the countries of 

 their growth, will be adding to the variety of our evergreen 

 plantations, which cannot be too much propagated in Eng- 

 land, where the winters are in general so temperate, that 

 they may thrive to advantage ; almost all of them are hardy 

 enough to live in the open air, and are well worth pro- 

 pagating, as they add to the beauty and variety of a planta- 

 tion, and especially as some of them rise to such a height 

 that they may produce much useful timber, and may be 

 adapted to such soils as will not suit any other trees. The 

 tender sorts may also acquire strength to resist the frost, for 

 we find many plants that will not live in the open air when 

 first imported, become naturalized, and defy the severest 

 cold of our variable climate. In order to increase the height 

 of these trees, their under branches should be taken off, 

 especially where they are inclined to grow strong ; but they 

 must not be kept very closely pruned, for that would retard 

 their growth ; for all these evergreen trees do more or less 

 abound with a resinous juice, which, in hot weather, is very 

 apt to flow out from such places as are wounded ; so that it 



will not be advisable to take off many branches at once, 

 especially in hot weather, when their sap would How so 

 plentifully as to render trie trees weak and unhealthy. 

 The species are, 



1. Juniperus Thurifera; Spanish Juniper. Leaves imbri- 

 cate in four rows, acute. It grows to the height of twenty 

 or thirty feet. Berries very large, black when ripe. Native 

 of Spain and Portugal. 



2. Juniperus Barbadensis,; Barbadoes Jumper. All the 

 leaves imbricate in four rows, the younger ovate, the older 

 acute. This has been confounded with the next species; 

 but the berries are smaller, and of a light brown colour when 

 ripe. It is a native of the West Indies, where it rises to be 

 orve of the largest timber-trees ; the wood is frequently fetched 

 from thence by the inhabitants of North America, for building 

 ships. It also grows in China and Japan. 



3.. Juniperus Bermudiana ; Bermudas Juniper. Lower 

 leaves in threes, upper in pairs, decurrent, awl-shaped, 

 spreading, acute. The berries are produced towards the 

 end of the branches, and are of a dark red colour, inclining 

 to purple. The wood has a very strong odour, and was 

 formerly in great esteem for wainscoting rooms and also for 

 furniture. Native of America. Dr. Patrick Browne says 

 that it grows very plentifully in most of the blue mountains 

 of Jamaica, where it is frequently cut down for planks, &c. 

 He says, it is a good timber-wood, admired for its smell, 

 lightness, and close even grain ; very fit for wainscoting, 

 and all the inward parts of cabinet-work. It is of a reddish 

 cojpur, very sweet, and commonly known in England by 

 the name of Cedar-wood. There are several sorts of wood 

 called by that name; but this is the wood used for pencils, 

 wainscoting rooms, and building staircases, because it con- 

 tinues sound longer than most other sorts of timber, which 

 is perhaps owing to some extreme bitter in the resin with 

 which the tree abounds ; for it is very remarkable, that worms 

 do not eat the bottoms of the vessels built with this wood, 

 as they do those that are built with Oak, so that vessels built 

 with it are the best for the West Indian seas ; but unfor- 

 tunately the wood is so brittle, and splits so much when 

 struck with a cannon-ball, that it would not at all answer 

 for ships of war. This tree is not only a native of Bermuda, 

 but of the Bahamas. They are propagated by seeds, in the 

 same way as the first species, except that they should be 

 sown in pots or tubs of earth, that they may be removed 

 into shelter in the winter time, otherwise the young plants 

 will be injured by hard frosts ; but they will only require 

 to be placed under a common hot-bed frame, where the 

 glasses may be kept off, and the free air constantly admitted 

 in fine weather : these seeds always remain in the ground 

 till the second year before they come up, therefore the earth 

 in the pots should not be disturbed; and in the summer 

 time they should be placed in the shade, to prevent the earth 

 from drying too fast ; they should be often watered in very 

 dry weather, but in small quantities at each time : the next 

 spring, when the plants come up, they must be carefully 

 cleared from weeds, and in dry weather refreshed with water; 

 but should stand during the summer in a place defended 

 from strong winds ; and in winter, must be placed under 

 frames, where they may be covered in hard frosty weather, 

 but must have free air when the weather is mild : in the fol- 

 lowing April, transplant them each intb a single halfpenny 

 pot filled with fresh light earth, being careful to raise them 

 up with a ball of earth to their roots ; and when they are 

 planted, water them, to settle the earth to the roots, and 

 place the pots in a warm situation, defended from sun and 

 wind ; but if yon can conveniently plunge the pots into a 



