LON 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



LON 



tatiuii, in a -warm soil, till injured or killed by an unusually 

 severe winter. It is propagated by laying down the young 

 branches, which will easily take root; and may be after- 

 wards treated like the common honeysuckles. See the first 

 species. 



4. Lonicera Grata; Erergrten Honeysuckle. Flowers in 

 terminating whorls; leaves perennial, obovate, glaucous be- 

 neath, the upper ones connate, superfolidte; corollas ringent; 

 colour of the flowers red outside, and yellow within, of a 

 strong aromatic flavour. Native of North America. This 

 will not thrive where it is too much exposed to the cold in 

 winter, but flourishes best in a soft sandy loam, and will retain 

 its leaves in greater verdure in such ground than in a drv 

 gravelly soil, where, in warm dry seasons, the leaves often 

 shrink, and hang in a very disagreeable manner ; nor will I 

 those sorts which naturally flower late in the autumn continue ; 

 so long in beauty on a dry ground, unless the season should 

 prove moist and cold, as those placed in a gentle loam. 



5. Lonicera I mplexa ; Minorca, Honeysuckle. Powers rin- 

 gent in whorls; brae tea even: leaves perennial, smooth, 

 oblong, the upper ones connate perfoliate, the uppermost 

 dilated. Native of Minorca. 



6. Lonicera Periclytnenum ; Common Honeysuckle. Flowers 

 ringent, in terminating heads; leaves deciduous, all distinct. 

 This species trails over bushes, and twines round the boughs 

 of trees, with its very slender hairy or smooth branches; the 

 corollas are usually red on the outside, and yellowish within, 

 but they vary much in colour, between red, purple, and yellow, 

 and are very pale in the shade. They are exceedingly sweet, 

 especially in the evening. In climbing, it turns from east to 

 west, with most of our other English climbers ; and, in com- 

 mon witli them, it bears clipping and pruning well. When 

 placed near buildings, it is liable to be disfigured and injured 

 by aphides, vulgarly called blights. These insects are not ! 

 very numerous in spring; hut as the summer advances, they 

 increase in a surprising degree: their first attacks therefore 

 should be watched, and the branches they first appear on cut 

 off and destroyed; for when they have once gained ground, 

 they aie defended by their numbers. Small plants may be 

 cleared from them by tobacco dust, or Spanish snuff; but this 

 is not practicable for large trees. The leaves are likewise 

 liable to be curled up, by a small caterpillar, which produces 

 a beautiful little moth, Phalcena Tottrix. In the evening, 

 some species of Sphinges or Hawk-moths, are frequently 

 observed to hover over the blossoms, and with their long 

 tongues to extract the honey from the very bottom of the 

 flowers. A considerable quantity of nectareous juice may 

 sometimes ' be discerned in the tube. Insects that are too 

 large to penetrate into the narrow pait of the tube, and have 

 not a long tongue, like the Sphinges, to reach the juice, let it 

 out by making a puncture towards the bottom, and so fairly 

 tap the liquor. There are several varieties : that called the 

 Late Red Honeysuckle produces a greater quantity of flowers 

 together than cither ihe Italian or Dutch Honeysuckle; so 

 that it makes a finer appearance than any of them during the 

 time of flowering. There is also a variety with variegated 

 leaves. The English call this plant Woodbine, Suckling, 

 and Caprifoly, as well as Honeysuckle; the Germans, among 

 a host of i ther names, call it Speckiitit, Geinlilie; the Dutch, 

 Geivoonn Kamperfolie : the Danes, GeJrblad; the Swedes, 

 AiathtiJ'i ad ; the French, Le Cherrejiuitle des bois ; the Ita- 

 lians, (.'aprifoglio and Vincibvsco : the Spaniards, iVTadreselfa, 

 Virginia, and Periciime no ; and llie Portuguese, Matrisylca 



do A'or/f. For its medical uses, and method of propagation 

 and culture, see Ihe first species. 



7. Lonicera Japouica; Japanese Honeysuckle. Flowers 



5 



terminating in pairs, sessile; all the leaves distinct; stem 

 twining. Native of Japan. 



** Chamaecerasa with two-flowered Peduncles. 



8. Lonice'ra Nigra; Black-berried Upright Honey suckle 

 Peduncles two flowered; berries distinct; leaves elliptic, 

 quite entire ; height three or four feet; corolla purple on the 

 outside, white within, or quite white, pubescent. It flowers in 

 Match, April, and May. Native of France, Switzerland, 

 Austria, Silesia, and Piedmont. 



9. Lonicera Tartarica ; Tartarian Upright Honeysuckle. 

 Peduncles two-flowered; berries distinct; leaves cordate, 

 obtuse. This is a tree, often six feet high, rising with several 

 trunks, frequently thicker than the wrist, spreading, branched 

 very much from the bottom ; corollas before they open paral. 

 lei, club-shaped, of a deep rose-colour, when open flesh- 

 coloured. In shady groves it varies with a while flower, and 

 in autumn the leaves put oft" their fringes and become quite 

 smooth. Native of Russia, but not beyond lat. 55. N. It 

 flowers in April, and the fruit is ripe in July. It is infested 

 by the insect called Meloe Vesicatoria, and the insect is col- 

 lected from this shrub for the apothecaries. The berries of 

 this plant are eaten by the common people of Russia, though 

 they are nauseously bitter, and purgative. The flowers have 

 hardly any smell. The wood is very hard and solid, of a 

 yellowish gray colour, beautifully veined, and used to make 

 walking sticks, and the handles of tools. 



10. Lonicera Xylosteum; Fly Honeysuckle. Peduncles 

 two-flowered ; berries distinct ; leaves quite entire, pubescent. 

 It rises with a strong woody stalk, six or eight feet high, 

 covered with a whitish bark, dividing into many branches. 

 The flowers come out on each side of the branches opposite, 

 on blender peduncles, each sustaining two white flowers stand- 

 ing erect. Linneus says, that this shrub makes excellent 

 hedges in a dry soil; that the parts between the joints of the 

 shoots are used in Sweden for Tobacco pipes; and that the 

 wood, being extremely hard, makes teeth for rakes. Gmelin 

 says, that the Russians prepare an empyreumatic oil per de- 

 see nsnni from the wood, which they recommend for cold 

 tumors and chronical pains. Animals seldom touch Ihe 

 leaves. Birds eat the berries only in hard weather ; they are 

 reputed to be purgative and emetic. It is common in the 

 more northern parts of Russia, and in Siberia as far as llu* 

 river Jenisea, and even in Hungary, the south of France, 

 and Italy : Dr. Withering says it is a native of England. See 

 the first species. 



11. Lonicera Pyrenaica; Pyrenean Upright Honeysuckle. 

 Peduncles two-flowered ; berries distinct ; leaves oblong, 

 smooth. Native of the Pyrenees, and of Siberia. 



12. Lonicera Alpigena; Red-berried Upright Honeysuckle. 

 Peduncles two-flowered ; berries coadunate-twin ; leaves 

 oval -lanceolate. This has a short, thick, woody stem, which 

 divides into many strong woody branches, growing erect; 

 flowers red on the outside, pale within. Native of the south 

 of Europe. See the first species. 



13. Lonicera Caucasica. Peduncles two-flowered ; berries 

 coadunate-twin; leaves ovate-lanteolate, quite entire; height 

 rive feet; trunk covered with a whitish bark; branches 

 spreading, red or hoary, testaceous; corolla irregular, red. 

 The wood is hard, weighty, like ivory, beautifully veined with 

 green, much esteemed for walking-sticks, which are .^eut to 

 Petersburg. The Russians call it Toguatun, and the Tartars 

 Tukus-tuun, which signifies nine-skins, because this shrub 

 every year casts its epidermis, which adheies copiously to the 

 twigs. Native of Caucasus. 



14. Lonicera Ccerulea; Blue-berried Upright Honey-suckle. 

 Peduncles two-flowered; berries coadunate-globiilar ; styles 



