L Y C 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



L Y M 



blunt; cymes terminating. A shrub four t'eet high; flowers 

 white. 'Native of Cochin-china, in woods. 



14. Lycium Carolinianum ; Carolina Jinx-thorn. Leaves 

 spatulate-oblong; branches without spines; flowers four- 

 cleft. Native of rushy marshes in Carolina, Georgia, and 

 Florida. 



Lycoperdon; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order Fungi. 

 GENERIC ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Fungus: roundish, 

 fleshy, firm, becoming powdery, and opening at the top. 

 .Seeds: fixed to filamenta, connected with the inner coat of 

 llie plant. These singular Fungi are described by Dr. 

 Withering, who enumerates 25 British species: see his 

 Arrangement. There is also an elaborate dissertation on the 

 British Stellated Lycoperdons, by Mr. Woodward, in the 

 second volume of the Transactions of the Linncean Society of 

 London. 



Lycopodium ; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order 

 Musci. GENERIC ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Fructifications: 

 in the axils of the scales, digested into long imbricate spikes, 

 or of the leaves themselves, sessile. Capsule : kidney-shaped, 

 two-valved, elastic, many-seeded. Veil: none. This genus 

 holds as it were an intermediate place between the Ferns 

 and Mosses. Only six species of Club Moss are natives of 

 Great Britain ; but the total number is 05. See Murray's 

 edition of the Systema Vegetabilium. 



Lycopsis ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calir : perianth five-parted; 

 segments oblong, acute, spreading, permanent. Corolla: one- 

 petalled, funnel-form; tube cylindric, from Curved bent; 

 border half five-cleft, blunt; throat closed with five convex, 

 prominent, converging scales. Stamina, filamenta five, very 

 small, at the bending of the tube of Uie corolla; antherse 

 small, covered. Pistil: germina four; style filiform, the 

 length of the stamina; stigma blunt, bifid. Pericarp: none; 

 ciilix very large, inflated. Seeds: four, longish. Observe. 

 The essence of this genus consists in the curvature of the tube 

 of the corolla. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: with 



the tube bent in. The plants of this genus are hardy, and 



will generally rise from scattered seeds, but do not bear trans- 

 planting well ; they are, 



1. Lycopsis Vesicaria ; Bladder-podded Wild Bur/loss. 

 Leaves quite entire ; stem prostrate; fruiting calices inflated, 

 pendulous. Root annual ; flowers axillary, appearing in June 

 and July. Native of dry hills in the south of Europe. 



2. Lycopsis Pulla; Dark-flowered Wild But/toss. Leaves 

 quite entire ; stem upright; fruiting calicos inflated, pendu- 

 lous. Pei-nnial: corolla small, dark, blackish, purple. 

 Native of dry pastures in Austria and Germany. 



3. Lycopsis Variegata ; Variegated Wild Buyloss. Leaves 

 repand-toolhed, callous; stem decumbent; corollas drooping. 

 A low trailing plant: the flowers small, bright blue, collected 

 into small bunches at the extremityjof the branches. It 

 varies with red flowers elegantly streaked with white. 

 Native of Nice ; and the ishmd of Candia, on the walls of 

 the city : observed also on mount Hymettus, near Athens. 



4. Lycopsis Arvcnsis ; Small Wild Bugloss. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, hispid, flowering ; calices upright. Root annual, sim- 

 ple, fibrous, whitish. It is an extremely harsh, rough, and 

 bristly plant; stems thick, a foot or more high; flowers in 

 spikes, all on one side ; corolla sky-blue, varying to red and 

 white. It has lately been recommended as a remedy for 

 the anthrax, or corrossive ulcer, commonly called a Car- 

 buncle, by laying the bruised plant on the tumor. It flowers 

 from May to July. Native of most parts of Europe, in corn- 

 fields with sandy soil, and on dry banks. 



5. Lycopsis Bullata; Bladdery -leaved Wild Buglvss. 



Leaves lanceolate-ovate, hispid, bladdery; stem procumbent. 

 Probably this is a variety of the preceding : root annual, sim- 

 ple. Common on waste grounds about Naples. 



6. Lycopsis Orientalis ; Oriental Wild Bugloss. Leaves 

 ovate, quite entire, rugged ; calices upright ; annual. Native 

 of the Levant. 



7. Lycopsis Virginica ; Virginian Wild Bugloss. Leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, clustered, tomentose, soft ; stem upright. 

 Perennial. Native of Virginia. 



Lycopus ; a genus of the class Diandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 tubular, half five-cleft; segments narrow, acute. Corolla: 

 one-petalied, unequal; tube cylindrical, the length of the 

 calix ; border four-cleft, blunt, spreading ; segments almost 

 equal, upper broader, emarginate, lower smaller. Stamina: 

 filamenta two, commonly longer than the corolla, inclining 

 to the upper segment ; antherae small. Pistil: germen four- 

 cleft; style filiform, straight, the length of the stamina; stigma 

 bifid, reflex. Pericarp: none; calix containing the seeds in 

 its bottom. Seeds: four, roundish, retuse. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Corolla: four-cleft, with one division, emar- 

 ginate ; stamina distant. Seeds: four, retuse. The spe- 

 cies are, 



1. Lycopus Europaeus ; Water Horehound. Leaves sinu- 

 ate-serrate. Root perennial, creeping ; stalk square ; flowers 

 in dense whorls, numerous, small ; corolla white, with a 

 tinge of purple. The leaves vary, more or less hairy, and 

 divided. It dyes black, and gives a permanent colour to 

 wool and silk. Gypsies are said to stain their skins with it; 

 and it would probably be essentially useful to dyers, if more 

 regarded. Common in all parts of Europe, in meadows, and 

 on the banks of streams and ponds ; flowering from July to 

 September. The Germans call it Wolfsfuss, &c. the French, 

 Marrube Acjuatigue, Patte de Loup ; and the Italians, Licopo. 



2. Lycopus Virginicus ; Virginian Water Horehound. 

 Leaves equally seriate, lanceolate. Native of Virginia. 



3. Lycopus Exaltatus ; Lofty Water Horehound. Leaves 

 pinnatirid-serrate at the base ; stem the height of a man ; 

 corollas four-cleft, white. Native of Italy. 



4. Lycopus Pumilus. Leaves lanceolate, subserrate, gla- 

 brous ; stolones procumbent ; flowers solitary ; stem low. 

 Found in Canada. 



5. Lycopus Obtusifolius. Leaves lanceolate, obtusely ser- 

 rated. Found at Huason's Bay. 



Lygcian ; a genus of the class Triandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: spathe one-leafed, con- 

 volute, ovate, acuminate, opening downwards, permanent. 

 Corolla: in pairs, placed on the germen, equal all ways; 

 glume of the corollet two-valved, outer valve convex, oblong, 

 acute, smaller, inner linear, narrow, twice as long, bifid, 

 acute.' Stamina: (to each) filamenta three, very slender, 

 flattish, long; antheree linear. Pistil: germen common to 

 both, hirsute, inferior to the corollas ; style simple, flattish, 

 Ions;; stigma simple. Pericarp: nut oblong, extremely hir- 

 sute, two-celled, not opening. Seeds: solitary, linear-oblong, 

 convex on one side, flattish on the other. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Corolla: two on the same germen. Nut : two- 

 celled. The only known species is, 



i. Lygeum Spartuin ; Rush-leaved Lygcum, or Bastard 

 Matweed. The Spaniards use it for making baskets and 

 ropes, and also for tilling their palliasses, or lower mattresses. 

 They call both this and Stipa Tcnacissima, which is used for 

 the same purposes, by the name of Esparto. It is a native 

 of Spain, in clayey iields, where it flowers in March ; and 

 with us in May and June. 



Lymc Grass. See Elymus. 



