MAR 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



M A R 



91 



10. Marrubium Pseudo-dictamnus; Shrubby White Hore- 

 hound. Borders of the calices fiat, villose ; leaves cordate, 

 concave; stem shrubby, two feet high, dividing into many 

 branches; flowers white. Native of the island of Candia. 

 The whole of tins plant is very hoary, with a dense compact 

 cotton. 1-lolh it and the next make an agreeable variety 

 when intermixed with other plants: but as they seldom pro- 

 duce seeds in England, they must be propagated by cuttings, 

 planted in a shady border in April. They are rather tender; 

 and in very severe winters ;ire killed, unless they are screened 

 from the hard frosts : especially those plants which grow in 

 good ground, where, becoming luxuriant in summer, their 

 branches are more replete with juice, and very liable to suffer 

 by cold: but when they are in a poor dry rubbish, the roots 

 being short, firm, and dry, are seldom injured by cold, and 

 will continue much longer than those in better ground. 



11. Marrubium Acetabulosum ; Saucer-leaved White Hore- 

 hound. Borders of the calices longer than the tube, membra- 

 naceous; the greater angles rounded. Stems hairy, about two 

 feet high; whorls large; corolla small, pale purple. Native 

 of the island of Candia. See the preceding species. 



Marsdenia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Digynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth inferior, of one 

 leaf, in five acute equal segments, rather small, permanent. 

 Corolla : of one petal, pitcher-shaped, or nearly wheel-shaped, 

 in five bluntish segments ; crown of the stamens of five com- 

 pressed simple undivided leaves, without any internal teeth. 

 Stamina: filamenta five, broad, flat, cloven at the top; an- 

 therte sessile on the inside of the filament, of two separate 

 cells, terminated by a common membrane; masses of pollen 

 projected from the antherre upon the stigma in pairs, erect, 

 sticking by their base. Pistil: germens two, superior, ovate; 

 styles combined, very short; stigma single, generally simple. 

 Pericarp: follicles two, ovate oblong-, smooth. Seeds: nu- 

 merous, imbricated, comose. The species are, 



1. Marsdenia Velutina. Stem twining; leaves heart- 

 shaped, broadly ovate, pointed, downy, and soft; cymes 

 umbel-shaped; mouth of the flower naked. Found in the 

 tropic:il part of New Holland. 



2. Marsdenia Tinctoria. Stem twining; leaves heart- 

 shaped, ovate-oblong, pointed, nearly smooth, glandular in 

 their fore-part ; tufts lateral ; mouth of the flower bearded. 

 This plant is said to afford the best indigo in Sumatra. 

 Native of Sumatra. 



3. Marsdenia Clausa. Stem twining; leaves lanceolate, 

 acute at each end, smooth, slightly rugose on the upper side; 

 mouth of the flower densely bearded. Found in Jamaica. 



Three other species of Marsdenia are described by Brown, 

 found growing in New Holland. 



Marsh Citiquefoil. See Comarum. 



Marsh Mallow. See Altha>a. 



Marsh Marigold. See Caltha. 



Marsh Trefoil. See Menyanthcs. 



.Marsilea; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order Mis- 

 cellanea. GENERIC CHARACTER. CaKx: common oval, 

 gubcompressed, coriaceous, hairy, gaping at the base, inter- 

 nally divided into several (fourteen or fifteen) cells, in two 

 longitudinal rows, separated by a membranaceous partition. 

 Corolla : none. Stamina: filamenta none ; antheree several, 

 inserted round each pistil, very small, obovate, sharp below, 

 one-celled, gaping transversely, exploding a spherical pollen. 

 Pistil: in each cell several, co-ordinate in a transverse row, 

 oval; style none; stigma short, blunt. Pericarp: none. 

 Seeds: as many as there are pistilla. Receptacle: membrane 

 somewhat fleshy, clothing the cells internally. The spe- 

 cies are, 



VOL. ii. 73 



1. Marsilea Natans. Leaves opposite, simple; branches 

 floating. Native of Italy, in stagnant and slow-flowing marsh 

 ditches, as near Pisa ; also in North America. 



2. Marsitea Qnadrifolia. Leaves in fours, quite entire ; 

 stem creeping, rooting. Native of the south of Europe, as 

 well as in New South Wales, in watery places. 



3. Marsilea Minuta. Leaves wedge-shaped, toothletted. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



4. Marsilea Hirsuta. Leaflets wedge-shaped ; somewhat 

 rounded, nearly entire, hairy, as well as the footstalks ; 

 fruit nearly sessile. Found in New Holland. 



5. Marsilea Angustifolia. Leaflets lanceolate, somewhat 

 toothed at the extremity ; smooth when full grown. Found 

 in New Holland. 



Martynia ; a genus of the class Diclynamia, orderAngio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five- 

 cleft, unequal, shrivelling. Corolla: one-petalled, bell-shaped ; 

 tube spreading, ventncose, gibbous below at the base, melli- 

 ferous; border five-cleft, obtuse, spreading; segment almost 

 equal, the lower straight, the lowest more erect, concave, 

 crenate. Stamina: filamenta four, filiform, curved inwards; 

 the rudiment of a fifth filamentum within the upper pair of 

 stamina, short, like a cusp; antheree connected, converging. 

 Pistil: germen oblong; style short, simple, the length of 

 stamina; stigma two-lobed. Pericarp: capsule woody, ob- 

 long, gibbous, quadrangular, two-furrowed on each sidt, 

 acuminate, with the tip bent back, opening two ways, four or 

 five celled, inclosing the seeds, as in a four-celled nucleus. 

 Seeds: several, oblong, berried. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix: five-cleft. Corolla: ringent. Capsule: woody, cor- 

 ticate, with a hooked beak, four-celled, two-valved. - The 

 species arc, 



1. Martynia Perennis ; Perennial Martynia. Stem simple; 

 leaves serrate. Root perennial, thick, fleshy, divided into 

 scaly knots, somewhat like those of Tooth wort; stems annual, 

 about a foot high, thick, succulent, purplish. Native of Car- 

 thagena, in New Spain. This species dies to the root every 

 winter, and rises again the succeeding spring: it must be con- 

 stantly preserved in the bark-stove, and plunged into the, 

 bark-bed ; otherwise it will not thrive in this country. During 

 the winter season, when the plants are decayed, they should 

 have but little water; as at that time it will rot the roots. In 

 the middle of March, just before the plants begin to shoot, is 

 the proper season to transplant and part the roots; when they 

 should be transplanted into middle-sized pots, filled with a 

 light rich earth, and then plunged into the bark-bed, which, 

 at this time, ought to be renewed with some fresh tan. When 

 the plants come up, they should be frequently refreshed with 

 water ; and as the warmth of the season increases, it will be 

 proper to admit a large share of fresh air. 



2. Martynia I.ongiflora; Long-flowered Martynia. Stem 

 simple; leaves roundish, repand ; tube of the corolla gibbous 

 at the base, and flatted. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 This, and the three following species, must be propagated by 

 seeds, sown in pots filled with light rich earth, and plunged 

 into a hot-bed of tanner's bark; where, if the earth be duly 

 watered, the plants will appear in three weeks or a month": 

 transplant them in a little time after they come up, each into a 

 separate pot, and plunge them into the hot-bed again, water- 

 ing them well, and shading them, until they have taken new 

 root; after which, they should have a large share of fresh air 

 admitted to them in warm weather, by raising the glasses of 

 the hot-bed every day : with this management, the plants will 

 make great progress, so as to fill the pots with their roots in 

 about a month or six weeks' time; when they should be shifted 

 into pots, about a foot diameter at the top, filled with light 



* A 



