138 



M O N 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



MON 



flowers yellowish white. It grows on the mountains of South 

 Carolina and Virginia. 



10. Monarda Oblongata. Plant rough all over; heads 

 simple ; bractese ovate, acute ; calices short ; teeth divari- 

 cate ; stalk obtuse-angled, rough on the upper part ; flowers 

 pale purple. Found in the mountains of Pennsylvania, &c. 



11. Monarda Hirsuta. Plant very rough all over, with 

 long white hairs ; flowers small, verticillate ; bracteae very 

 short, oblong, acuminate; calices with long awns; leaves 

 ovate, acuminate, serrate, with long petioles ; stalk acute- 

 angled, rough ; flowers small, very pale purple. It grows on 

 the high mountains of North Carolina and Virginia. 



Monetia ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CUA RACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 ventricose, four-toothed, two of the divisions deeper; seg- 

 ments lanceolate, acute, reflex, permanent. Corolla: petals 

 four, linear, acute, recurved, longer than the calix. Stamina : 

 filamenta four, erect, inserted into the receptacle, almost the 

 length of the corolla; antherse ovate, incumbent. Pistil: 

 germen superior, slightly four-cornered, ending in a thickish 

 conical style, shorter than the stamina; stigma acute. Peri- 

 carp: berry juiceless, globular, with a little point, surrounded 

 by the calix, two-celled. Seeds: solitary, flat on one side, 

 convex on the other. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 four-cleft. Petals : four. Berry : two-celled ; seeds solitary. 

 The species are, 



1. Monetia Barlerioides ; Four-spined Monetia. Spines 

 four ; leaves smooth on both sides. Stem upright, full of 

 chinks, ash-coloured ; branches opposite, diffused, dense, 

 ash-coloured ; leaves opposite, spreading, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, entire, acuminate. It is a middle-sized prickly 

 shrub. Native of the East Indies, and the Cape. 



2. Monetia Diacantha; Two-spined Monetia. Spines two; 

 leaves downy beneath. An evergreen shrub, about six feet 

 high. The whole herb has a bitter flavour. Native of the 

 East Indies. 



Moneywort. See Anagallis and Sibthorpia. 



Monkey's Bread. See Adansonia. 



Monk's Hood. See Aconitum. 



Monk's Rhubarb. See Rumex. 



Monnieria; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Pentan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five-parted, 

 permanent ; upper segment linear, long, curved in, covering 

 the corolla; the outer lanceolate, and shorter by half ; the 

 rest blunt, short. Corolla: one-petalled, tubular, ringent; 

 tube cylindric, more contracted in the middle, curved ; bor- 

 der two-lipped ; upper lip undivided, blunt, ovate; lower lip 

 four-cleft, straight; segments oblong, blunt; nectary an ovate 

 scalelet at the base of the germen, below the lower base. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta two, flat, membranaceous ; upper concave, 

 bifid at top; lower flat, trifid; anthers; on the upper filamen- 

 tum two, connate, hirsute within, including the stigma ; on 

 the lower filamentum three, round, very minute. Pistil: ger- 

 men roundish, five-lobed, five-cornered; style solitary, filiform; 

 stigma headed, oblong, flat within, orbicular with a sharp 

 edge. Pericarp : capsules five, ovate, compressed, two-valved 

 along half the suture. Seeds : solitary, ovate, with the inner 

 margin straighter, blunter, inclosed in a two-valved, dry, 

 deciduous aril. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five- 

 parted, with the upper segment oblong. Corolla: ringent. 

 Stamina : two, the upper with two antherse, the lower with 



three. Capsules: five, one-seeded. The only known 



species is, 



1. Monnieria TrifoHa. This is an annual plant, with a 

 dichotomotis stem.ternate leaves, and white flowers in a bifid 

 gpike, Native of America,. 



Monotropa; a genus of the class Decandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: none, unless the 

 five outer petals be taken for a coloured calix. Corolla: 

 petals ten, oblong, parallel, erect, serrate at the tips, deci- 

 duous, of which the alternate outer ones are gibbous at the 

 base, inwardly concave, melliferous. Stamina: filamenta ten, 

 awl-shaped, erect, simple ; antheree simple. Pistil: germen 

 roundish, acuminate; style cylindric, the length of the sta- 

 mina; stigma blunt-headed. Pericai~p: capsule ovate, five- 

 cornered, blunt, five-valved. Seeds: numerous, chaffy. Ob- 

 serve. Such is the terminating flower; but if there be any 

 lateral flowers, they exclude a fifth part of the number in all 

 parts of the fructification. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 none. Petals: ten, the five outer hollowed, melliferous at 

 the base. Capsule: five-valved ; a fifth part excluded in some. 

 The species are, 



1. Monotropa Hypopithys; Yellow Bird's Nest. Lateral 

 flowers eight-stamined, terminating; flower ten-stamined. 

 Root composed of imbricate scales, and parasitical, the radi- 

 cal fibres adhering to the roots of trees under which it grows; 

 stem from five to seven inches high, upright, not branched. 

 Linneus remarks, that the^whole plant smells sweet, and is 

 of a pale yellow colour ; which peculiarity is generally con- 

 fined to parasitical plants, and such as grow in very shady 

 situations. The Swedes give it dry to sheep affected with the 

 rot. Native of many parts of Europe, as Sweden, Denmark, 

 Germany, France, Italy, and also in Canada, in woods, espe- 

 cially in fir woods where the ground is covered with rotten 

 leaves, at the roots of fir, pine, beech, and oak. Also in 

 Great Britain, as in Stoken ChurchWoods,and between Nettle- 

 bed and Henley in Oxfordshire ; frequent in Bedfordshire, 

 Buckinghamshire, and Berkshire; at Maidstone in Kent; 

 I.angley in Hertfordshire; in the beech woods of Sussex; in 

 Uley in Gloucestershire; Enville in Staffordshire; Shottisham 

 and Stoke in Norfolk ; but not common in Scotland. 



2. Monotropa Uniflora. Stem one-flowered; flower ten- 

 stamined. Root a dense congeries of entangled fibres. Stem 

 single, fleshy, the size of a straw. Native of North America. 



3. Monotropa Lanuginosa. Scape spiciflorous ; bracteae 

 and flowers lanuginose on every side. It is a parasitic plant, 

 growing on the roots of beech and other trees from Pennsyl- 

 vania to Carolina. 



4. Monotropa Morisoniana. Scape elongate, very straight, 

 with one flower ; scales distant ; flower erect, decandrous. 

 It grows in the shady woods of Virginia and Carolina. 



Monsonia; a genus of the class Monad elphia, order Dode- 

 candria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five- 

 leaved; leaflets lanceolate, awned, equal, permanent. Corolla: 

 petals five, obovate, praemorse-toothed, longer than the calix, 

 inserted into the base of the pitcher of the stamina. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta fifteen, united in five bodies, three in each, 

 all connected at the base, and forming a very short pitcher ; 

 antherse oblong. Pistil: germen five-cornered, short ; style 

 awl-shaped; stigmas five, oblong. Pericarp: capsule five- 

 cornered, five-celled ; each cell fixed to a very long, twisted, 

 terminating tail. Seeds: solitary. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix: five-leaved. Corolla: five-petalled. Stamina: fifteen, 

 united into five filamenta. Style: five-cleft. Capsule: five- 

 grained. -The species are, 



1. Monsonia Speciosa; Fine-leaved Monsonia. Leaves 

 quinate ; leaflets bipinnate. Flower handsome.- Native of 

 the Cape. This may be increased by cut! ings of the roots 

 planted in pots of good mould, and plungea in a tan-pit, 

 watering them occasionally : in due^me buds will appear on 

 ihe tops of the cuttings. It may be treated as a hardy green-; 

 house plant, and sheltered under a frame in winter. 



