150 



M UT 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



MY A 



lobed, exhibiting a net-work of vesicles, and though dried 

 reviving again when moistened with water. Hedwig observes, 

 that all the female florets have a double calix, or a calix and 

 corolla. In shape and structure, he says, they greatly resemble 

 the proper Mosses, but that he never found the succulent 

 threads: the pistil-like substances are however found, ac- 

 companying both the germen and ripened capsule ; but not 

 in all the species. The capsule, like those of the true 

 Mosses, is inclosed in a veil, to which the style adheres ; 

 but this veil is-jiot, as in them, loosened at its attachment, 

 and raised along with the growing capsule ; it tears open in 

 two, three, or four places, and has therefore been sometimes 

 considered as a petal. All these Mosses agree in ripening 

 their fruit, which is raised upon an elongated peduncle, 

 and opens by four valves, rilled with the seeds, attached 

 to elastic cords. These seeds have been found to re- 

 produce their respective plants. The gelfera comprehended 

 under this subdivision of the Mosses, are Anthoceros, Blasia, 

 Jungermannia, Marchantia, Riccia, Spheerocarpus, and Tar- 

 yionia. 



Musscenda; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth superior, 

 five-parted, unequal ; leaflets linear, acuminate, permanent. 

 Corolla: one-petalled, funnel-form; tube long, filiform, hir- 

 sute ; border five-cleft, equal; segments ovate. Stamina: 

 filamenta five, the length of the corolla, growing to the tube 

 on the inside; antherse linear, bristle-shaped, long within the 

 tube. Pistil : germen inferior, ovate ; style filiform ; stigmas 

 two, simple, thickish. Pericarp : berry oblong, crowned. 

 Seeds: numerous, in four parcels. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Corolla: funnel-form; stigmas two, thickish. Berry: 

 oblong, inferior. Seeds : disposed in four rows. There are 

 eleven species, of which the following are a specimen : 



1. Mussaenda Frondosa. Panicle with coloured leaves. This 

 is a large, woody, climbing shrub, without tendrils or thorns, 

 having many long scattered branches ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 quite entire, wrinkled, hairy, subsessile, opposite ; flowers 

 gold-coloured, in large, spreading, terminating cymes, with 

 large, ovate, nerved, very white, petioled bractes. Native 

 of the East Indies and Cochin-china; and Otaheite and 

 Namoka islands in the South Seas. 



2. Mussxnda Glabra. Branches and leaves of the branches 

 and panicle very smooth. Native of the East Indies. The 

 Malays call it Daunputri. 



3. Musssenda Chinensis. Leaves in bundles ; flowers soli- 

 tary. This is a small tree, with diffused unarmed branches. 

 Native of China. 



4. Musscenda Citrifolia. Leaves three, in a whorl, ovate, 

 nearly sessile ; calix teeth long and permanent, Native of 

 Madagascar ; where it is called Churra. 



Mustard. See Sinapis. 



Mustard, Hedge. See Erysimum and Sisymbrium. 



Mustard, Mithridate. See Thlaspi. 



Mustard, Tower. See Turritis. 



Mustard, Treacle. See Clypeola and Thlaspi. 



Mutisia ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia Superflua. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 oblong, cylindric, imbricate; scales lanceolate; the inner 

 ones longer. Corolla : compound radiate ; corollets of the 

 disk three times more than of the ray, hermaphrodite; of 

 the ray, eight female ; proper of the hermaphrodites tubular, 

 trifid ; the outer segment lanceolate, the inner segments linear. 

 Female : oval, oblong, entire, with a linear claw. Stamina : 

 in the hermaphrodites, filamenta five, linear ; antherae cylin- 

 dric, longer than the floret, with decurrent bristles at the 

 base ; in the females none, but only the rudiments of two 



tilamenta. Pistil: germina short; style filiform ; stigma in 

 the hermaphrodites simple ; in the females two, bristle-shaped. 

 Pericarp: none. Seeds: somewhat oblong. Down: fea- 

 thered. Receptacle : naked. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calix: cylindric, imbricate; corollets of the ray oval-oblong, 

 of the disk trifid. Down: feathered. Receptacle: naked. 



Of this genus there are eleven species, divided into 



those with pinnate and those with simple leaves, all natives 

 of South America ; the first only of which we shall describe : 



1. Mutisia Clematis. This is a climbing plant, like Clematis: 

 when young, tomentose all over; stem shrubby, striated, long, 

 branched, twining; flowers the size and form of a pink; 

 corolla purple, the length of the ray of the calix itself. 



Myagrum; a genus of the class Tetradynamia, order 

 Siliculosa. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth four- 

 leaved; leaflets ovate-oblong, concave, gaping, coloured, deci- 

 duous. Corolla: four-petalled, cruciform; petals flat, round- 

 ish, blunt, with narrow claws. Stamina: filamenta six, the 

 length of the calix, of which the four opposite are a little 

 longer; antheree simple. Pistil: germen ovate; style fili- 

 form, the length of the calix ; stigma blunt. Pericarp : 

 silicle obcordate, compressed a little, entire, rigid, termi- 

 nated at top by the rigid conic style, two-valved ; some of 

 the cells often empty. Seeds : roundish. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Silicle terminated by a conical style, with a cell 

 commonly one-seeded. If the seeds of these plants be per- 

 mitted to scatter, in the autumn the plants will rise without 

 any care, and only require to be thinned and kept clean. 

 The species are, 



1. Myagrum Perenne ; Perennial Gold of Pleasure. Sili- 

 cles two, and jointed, one-seeded ; leaves outwardly sinuate, 

 toothletted. The lower leaves are large, jagged, and hairy, 

 the stalks, which branch out from the bottom, are termi- 

 nated by very long loose spikes of yellow flowers, succeeded 

 by short pods with two joints, each including one roundish 

 seed. Native of Germany. 



2. Myagrum Orientate ; Oriental Gold of Pleasure. Sili- 

 cles grooved, even ; leaves oblong, tooth-sinuate. Annual. 

 Native of the Levant. 



3. Myagrum Rugosum; Wrinkled Gold of Pleasure. Sili- 

 cles grooved, hairy, wrinkled ; leaves oblong, blunt, toothed. 

 The lower leaves are five or six inches long ; they are hairy 

 and succulent, their base is eared, and they end in acute 

 points. The stalks are a foot and a half high, brittle, and hairy, 

 branching out towards the top, and terminated by short loose 

 spikes of small pale flowers, which are succeeded by small, 

 rough, roundish capsules, compressed at the top. Native of 

 the south of Europe. 



4. Myagrum Hispanicum ; Spanish Gold of Pleasure. 

 Silicles even, somewhat swelling; leaves lyrate ; stem rugged, 

 with scattered reflex hairs ; racemes rod-like, long ; corolla 

 yellow. Biennial. Native of Spain. 



5. Myagrum Austriacum ; Austrian Gold of Pleasure 

 Silicles roundish, smooth ; leaves oblong, embracing ; root 

 creeping. The whole of this plant is smooth ; the stems sub- 

 angular, herbaceous, erect, branchy, leafy, and about a foot 

 or a cubit high; flowers yellow, on corymbose, terminal 

 racemes, stretching gradually to two or three inches. Native 

 of Austria, in clayey ground, flowering in June. 



6. Myagrum Perfoliatum ; Perfoliate Gold of Pleasure. 

 Silicles obcordate, subsessile; leaves embracing. It has a 

 smooth branching stalk upwards of two feet high. The lower 

 leaves are five or six inches long, smooth, succulent, and a 

 little indented ; the upper leaves almost embrace the stalks 

 with their base. The flowers are produced in long loose 

 spikes, are yellow and sessile; they appear in June and July 



