ORC 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



ORC 



205 



nectary lanceolate, very small ; stem a foot high, even; root- 

 leaves several, a hand in length ; flowers alternate, distinct. 

 Native of the Cape. 



7. Orchis Sagittalis. Helmet of the corolla spurred, two- 

 eared ; lip lanceolate ; root-leaves four or five, shorter by 

 half than the stem, lanceolate, bluntish ; stem a span high, 

 covered entirely with leafy, membranaceous, acute sheaths. 

 Native of the Cape. 



8. Orchis Barbata; Bearded Orchis. Helmet of the 

 corolla erect, spurred ; nectary subtrifid, ciliate ; bulbs 

 oblong, undivided, very hairy. Native of the Cape. 



9. Orchis Draconis ; Dragon Orchis. Bulbs undivided ; 

 helmet of the corolla spurred ; nectary linear, ovate at the 

 tip ; scape a foot and half high, of the thickness of a goose- 

 quill, wholly sheathed with leaves ; spike with few flowers, 

 somewhat remote ; bractes broad lanceolate, netted, veined, 

 the length of the germen. Native of the Cape. 



10. Orchis Tenella ; Delicate Orchis. Helmet of the 

 corolla spurred, conical at the base ; nectary linear ; stem 

 the length of the thumb ; leaves both on the root and stem 

 linear ; spike oblong, with from five to eight flowers. Native 

 of the Cape. 



1 1 . Orchis Monorrhiza ; One-bulbed Orchis. Bulb soli- 

 tary ; lip of the nectary three-parted, the lateral parts bristler 

 shaped ; horn linear, compressed, the length of the germen ; 

 leaves oblong; stem simple, upright, from eighteen to twenty- 

 two inches high. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola. 



** Bulbs undivided. 



12. Orchis Sancta; Palestine Orchis. Bulbs undivided ; 

 lip of the nectary lanceolate, five-toothed, horned, curved 

 in ; petals converging; stem a foot high, for the most part 

 naked, but having one or two sharp leaflets at top. Native 

 of Palestine. 



13. Orchis Susannse. Bulb undivided ; wings of the nec- 

 tary wider, ciliate ; stem a long span or a foot high, slender ; 

 flowers white ; lower leaves short, acuminate, embracing ; 

 upper longer, green, round, smooth. Native of Amboyna, 

 and a very elegant species. 



14. Orchis Radiata. Bulbs undivided; wings of the nec- 

 tary wider, ciliate ; stem round, striated, sheathed with leaves, 

 erect, a span high ; leaves alternate, sheathing, ensiform, 

 channelled, from erect spreading, striated, smooth, nearly 

 equal to the stem, the upper ones smaller, about five in num- 

 ber ; flowers alternate, about three, flowering successively. - 

 Native of Japan. 



15. Orchis Ciliaris ; Fringe-lipped Orchis. Bulb undi- 

 vided ; lip of the nectary lanceolate, ciliate ; horn very long ; 

 stem tall, firm, having at the lower part two or three oblong, 

 wide, liliaceous, embracing leaves, and some smaller leaves, 

 above ; spike not very long, composed of clustered flowers ; 

 helmet small, and acute. Native of Maryland, Virginia, and 

 Canada. 



16- Orchis Habenaria. Bulbs solitary, undivided ; lip of 

 the nectary three-parted ; lateral ones bristle-shaped ; horn 

 filiform, much longer than the germen ; stem erect, leafy, 

 from one to two feet high, simple, angular, smooth ; flowers 

 in spikes, alternate, scattered at a little distance, white ; 

 corollas five-petalled. The flowers of this species are very 

 singular. Native of low meadows at the foot of the moun- 

 tains of Jamaica. 



17. Orchis Bifolia; Butterfly Orchis. Bulbs undivided; 

 lip of the nectary lanceolate, quite entire ; horn very long; 

 petals spreading. One of the bulbs is always wrinkled and 

 withered, while the other is always plump and delicate. 

 The first is the parent of the actual stem ; the second is an 

 offset, from the centre of which the stem of the succeeding 



year is destined to arise. Such is the mode of increase, not 

 only in this species, but in the other bulbed Orchises ; and 

 such are the means that nature uses, not only to disseminate 

 plants, but to enable them to change their place, and thus 

 to draw in fresh nutriment; for the second root is always 

 about half an inch from the centre of the first, insomuch that 

 in twenty years the plant will have marched ten inches from 

 the place of its birth. The process is the same in the handed 

 sorts, or those species which have the bulbs divided, and 

 lengthened out like the fingers ; and even in fibrous 

 roots, for some of the fibres are continually rooting and 

 perishing, whilst other young and tender ones are protruding, 

 lengthening, increasing, and preparing for the vegetation of 

 the succeeding year. This species has obtained the name of 

 Bifolia, on account of its radical leaves being generally two ; 

 three however are frequently met with ; and they are com- 

 monly said to be opposite. The root of this species appear- 

 ing- to be large, it appears to be as well calculated for making 

 Salep as any other. This Orchis, if not so common as some, 

 is much more so than others, being found generally in woods, 

 pastures, and heaths, especially in soils somewhat stiff and 

 moist. In dry pastures it is often so small as to be noted for 

 a variety. It varies not only in size, but in the shape and 

 number of the leaves, the number of flowers, the length of 

 the spur, and the time of flowering, which is later in the 

 small one. It occurs in Norwood in Surry; in Charlton 

 wood, and on Pen's common near Bekenham in Kent ; in 

 Madingley wood, Whitwell, LintOn wood, Balydown hill, 

 Kingston wood, Gamlingay wood ; Cambridgeshire ; Shotover 

 hill, and Tar wood, Oxfordshire ; Short wood, near Puckle- 

 church, Gloucestershire ; Envil in Staffordshire ; and is com- 

 mon in the shady woods and lanes of Leicestershire. 



18. Orchis Ornithis ; Bird Orchis. Bulbs undivided; 

 lip of the nectary roundish ; horn twice the length of the 

 germen, the three outer petals converging, the others spread- 

 ing very much ; stem a foot and half high, leafy, round, 

 upright, striated above the leaves. The two outer petals 

 spread out like the wings of a bird in the act of flying, from 

 which the name is derived ; corolla white. It flowers in 

 August. Native of the mountains of Austria. 



19. Orchis Flexuosa; Winding-stalked Orchis. Bulbs 

 undivided ; lip of the nectary imbricate ; two petals concealed, 

 filiform ; scape flexuose ; root-leaves ovate ; leaves alternate, 

 remote, sheathing, lanceolate, small ; flowers small, remote. 

 Native of the Cape. 



20. Orchis Cucullata ; Cowled Orchis. Bulbs undivided ; 

 lip of the nectary trifid ; petals confluent; stem naked ; root- 

 leaves two, pvate. Native of Siberia. 



21. Orchis Globosa; Round-spiked Orchis. Bulbs undi- 

 vided ; lip of the nectary restipinate, trifid ; middle emargi- 

 nate ; horn short ; petals awl-shaped at the tip ; scape firm, 

 a foot or eighteen inches high, leafy ; spike short, very much 

 crowded ; flowers frequently turned upside down, go that 

 the lip turns to the base of the spike, and the helmet or 

 hood recedes from it. The whole corolla is purple, with 

 deeper spots on the lip. Native of Germany, Austria, Car- 

 niola, Switzerland, 1-he south of France, and Italy. 



22. Orchis Pyramidalis ; Pyramidal Orchis. Bulbs undi- 

 vided ; lip of the nectary two-horned, trifid, equal, quite 

 entire ; horn long ; petals sublanceolate ; stem from eight to 

 fifteen inches high, round, or slightly angular, smooth and 

 firm, almost covered with leaves ; flowers very numerous, 

 crowded into a short blunt cone, forming a most elegant ter- 

 mination to the stem, deep flesh colour, or pale purple. It 

 flowers later than the other species. Native of many parts 

 of Europe ; as, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Car- 



