236 



PAN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



PAN 



29. Panicum Dactylon ; Fingered Panic Grass. Spikes 

 digitate, spreading, villose at the base on the insides ; flowers 

 solitary ; runners creeping. Culm creeping at the base, and 

 above that upright, nine inches or a foot in height, glaucous, 

 smooth, frequently branched from the lower joints ; joints 

 purple, smooth, sometimes eight or nine; root creeping widely 

 through the loose sand. It flowers in July and August, 

 until late in the autumn. Native of Europe, the Levant, and 

 the Cape of Good Hope. It has been found between Pen- 

 zance and Market-Jew in Cornwall. 



T 30. Panicum Umbrosum; Shady Panic Grass. Spikes 

 about four, remote ; florets in pairs, unequally pedicellcd. 

 Culm creeping, flaccid; leaves linear, lanceolate, short, naked. 

 Native of shady grass spots in the East Indies. 



31. Panicum Filiforme ; Filiform Spiked Panic Grass. 

 Spikes subdigitate, approximating, erect, filiform; rachis 

 flexuose ; teeth two-flowered, one sessile ; inner valve very 

 small. Culm and leaves smooth. It is an annual grass, 

 flowering from July to September. Native of North America, 

 Japan, the Cape of Good Hope, and of the Society and 

 Easter Islands. 



32. Panicum JEgyptiacum ; Egyptian Panic Grass. Spike 

 subdigitate, approximating, erect, filiform; rachis flexuose; 

 teeth two-flowered, one sessile; inner valve very small. Culm 

 and leaves smooth ; culms from one to two feet high, covered 

 with sheaths that have long hairs closely set. This very 

 much resembles the preceding species, but its native place 

 is not ascertained, notwithstanding its trivial name. 



33. Panicum Ciliare; Ciliated Panic Grass. Spikes sub- 

 digitate, approximating, erect, filiform; rachis flexuose ; teeth 

 two-flowered ; flowers pedicelled ; outer valve ciliate. Culm 

 and leaves hairy ; height a foot and half, branched at the 

 base ; corolla quite smooth ; flowers lanceolate, acute, one 

 of them sessile. It yaries with the leaves more or less hairy, 

 and with the sheaths and joints hairy and naked. It resem- 

 bles the thirty-first species so much that thfey may be easily 

 mistaken for each other. Native of Java and China. 



34. Panicum Lineare ; Linear-spiked Panic Grass. Spikes 

 digitate, in fours, or thereabouts, linear; florets solitary, 

 directed one way, awnless. Culms prostrate, even, branched. 

 Native of both Indies. 



35. Panicum Cimicinum ; Bug Panic Grass. Panicle um- 

 belled : racemes in fours, one of the calicine glumes ciliate ; 

 leaves lanceolate, even, ciliate. Root annual ; culms a foot 

 high, upright or ascending, even. Native of the East Indies. 



36. Panicum Distachyon ; Distich-spiked Panic Grass. 

 Spikes in pairs, directed one way, even. Culms somewhat 

 branched, a foot high, narrower ; leaves short, rugged at the 

 edge ; antherse yellow. Native of the East Indies. 



37. Panicum Squarrosum ; Scaly Panic Grass. Spikes 

 in pairs, horizontal ; involucres of the flowers squarrose. 

 Culms decumbent; leaves short, clustered, tomentose, as 

 are also the sheaths ; peduncle elongated, erect, naked, ter- 

 minated by two spikes, diverging horizontally, directed one 

 way, squarrose. A bundle of barren flowers terminates the 

 spike. The appearance and structure are so singular, that 

 it seems to constitute a distinct genus. Annual. ^Native of 

 the East Indies, found commonly in the sands of Malabar 

 during the rainy season. 



38. Panicum Hispidulum ; Hispid Panic Grass. Spikes 

 binate and ternate, erect; caliccs hispid, two-awned. Native 

 of the East Indies. 



39. Panicum Compositum ; Compound Spiked Panic Grass. 

 Spike compound; spikelets linear, directed oneway; florets 

 in pairs, remote; calices awned. Culm creeping, leafy, 

 rising, filiform, tender, simple ; leaves lanceolate, wider 



than the rest. Native of Ceylon and the Society Isles in the 

 Southern Ocean. 



40. Panicum Elatius ; Tall Panic Grass. Spike com- 

 pound ; spikelets oblong, scattered, pressed close; florets 

 crowded ; calices mucronate, awned. Culm upright, stiff, sis 

 feet high ; leaves long. It very much resembles the preceding 

 species. Native of Malabar. 



** Flowers panicled. 



41. Panicum Dichotomum; Dichotomous Panic Grass. 

 Panicles simple ; culm branched, dichotomous. In stature 

 this grass emulates a small tree; simple below, and fascicled 

 above. Native of Virginia. 



42. Panicum Ramosum ; Branched Panic Grass. Panicle 

 with simple branches ; flowers in threes or thereabouts, lower, 

 subsessile. Culm branched ; leaves with even sheaths, striated, 

 ciliate at the edge and throat. Native of the Indies. 



43. Panicum Deustum; Burnt Panic Grass. Panicle 

 spreading ; flowers solitary ; glumes smooth, purple ,g the 

 tip. Native of the Cape. 



44. Panicum Coloratura ; Coloured Panic Grass. Panicle 

 spreading; stamina and pistilla coloured. Culm branched; 

 according to.Jacquin, quite simple; glumes one-flowered, 

 awnless, ovate, green and purple, eight-grooved. Root per- 

 ennial. It flowers in July and August. Native of Egypt. 



45. Panicum Repens ; Creeping Panic Grass. Panicle 

 rod-like ; leaves divaricating. Culms creeping, a foot high, 

 ascending : perennial. Native of banks of rivers in the 

 Levant; and cultivated in the East Indies. 



46. Panicum Ischcemoides ; -White Panic Grass. Panicle 

 erect, contracted ; calices two-flowered, polygamous, acute. 

 Culm simple ; leaves distich, rigid ; branches of the panicle 

 few, naked, stiff, straight half way, but the flowering part 

 flexuose ; flowers for the most part in pairs, one of them 

 pedicelled ; seed ovate, flattish. Very common Lu Malabar 

 on the borders of ponds. 



47. Panicum Remotum ; Distant Panic Grass. Branches 

 of the panicle three-sided ; florets subgeminate, one-pedicel- 

 led. Culm branched, four-cornered, compressed ; leaves 

 linear, from four to six inches long, narrow, naked; branches 

 of the panicle capillary, remote, solitary, about eight in num- 

 ber ; seed white, ovate, flattish. Native of Tranquebar. 



48. Panicum Aristatum ; Awned Panic Grass. Culm 

 creeping, rooting; branches of the panicle undivided; florets 

 in pairs, sessile, awned; leaves lanceolate, naked, short; co- 

 rolla lanceolate, white, with equal valves. Native of China. 



49. Panicum Miliaceum ; Millet Panic Grass. Panicle 

 loose, flaccid ; sheaths of the leaves rough-haired ; glumes 

 mucronate, nerved. It rises with a reed-like channelled stalk, 

 from three to four feet high : at every joint there is one reed- 

 like leaf, joined on the top of the sheath, which embraces 

 and covers that joint of the stalk below the leaf, and is 

 clothed with soft hairs ; the leaf has none, but has several 

 small longitudinal furrows, running parallel to the midrib ; 

 the stalk is terminated by a large loose panicle, hanging on 

 one side. Mr. Miller mentions two varieties, one with white 

 seeds, the other with black seeds, but not differing in any 

 other particular. He also mentions another species, which 

 has a more slender stalk, about three feet high ; the sheaths 

 have no hair, but are channelled ; the leaves are shorter; the 

 panicle stands erect, and the chaff has shorter awns or beards. 

 Loureiro mentions a variety with brownish or dusky-red seeds. 

 Native of the East Indies and China, where, as well as in 

 the south of Europe, it is cultivated as an esculent grain. 

 The seeds, which vary in their colour, are sometimes used in 

 the manner of barley, to make a drink which is good in fevers, 

 and against heat of urine; it is also slightly astringent. This 



